Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development

Life story of Erik Erikson Erik Hamburger Erikson conceived in 1902 Frankfurt, Germany. He never knew his natural dad. A couple of years after Erie's introduction to the world, her mom took him to a nearby Jewish pediatrician, Dry. Theodore Hamburger for a treatment of minor sickness. His mom and the pediatrician inevitably became hopelessly enamored. He immediately built up a feeling that something wasn't right his mom and father were Jewish his own physical appearance was plainly Scandinavian. Later on he found reality with regards to his legacy, his character emergency was declined. Dismissing his stepfather's request to become physician.He went to Europe and took a crack at workmanship school and anxious to find out about culture and history. He got back at 25 years old arranged to settle down and show craftsmanship professionally. Erikson was asked by his previous secondary school companion Peter Blobs to Join him as an educator in Experimental Nursery school in Vienna where he met Anna Freud and her celebrated dad Sigmund Freud. Anna Freud was attempting to change over psychoanalytic enthusiasm for youth encounters of grown-up. Erikson shared her spearheading premium and was in the long run prepared by her as a youngster analyst.Erikson was as yet uncertain to acquire his living a psychoanalyst since still needed to paint and draw. Be that as it may, he started to see an association among analysis and workmanship. He saw that kids' fantasy and play include significant visual pictures that lone later are converted into words in treatment. Ideas and Principles Erosion's position speaks to a precise expansion of Fraud's perspective on the job of inner self in character working. Erikson is a Freudian sense of self clinician. Erikson recommended that inner self frequently works freely of id feelings and motivation.Ego capacities to assist individual with adjusting to difficulties introduced by the encompassing. Self image Psychology Emphasized the incorporatio n of organic and psychosocial powers in assurance of character working. Epigenetic Principle that human advancement is administered by a succession of stages that rely upon hereditary or innate elements This guideline says that we create through a foreordained unfurling of our characters in eight phases. Our advancement through each stage is to some extent dictated by our prosperity, or absence of progress â€Å"crisis†, in all the amends stages.Crisis characterized as the urgent period in each stage. Ideals â€Å"inherent quality or dynamic quality' human characteristics or quality rise up out of effective goals of emergency. Psychosocial Development: Stages of Ego Development Stage Basic Conflict Virtue Important Events Outcome Infancy (birth to year and a half) Trust versus.. Doubt HOPE Feeding Children build up a feeling of trust when parental figures give unwavering quality, care, and warmth. An absence of this will prompt doubt. Youth (2 to 3 years) Autonomy versus.. D isgrace and Doubt WILL Toilet TrainingChildren need to build up a feeling of individual power over physical abilities and a feeling of autonomy. Achievement prompts sentiments of independence, disappointment brings about sentiments of disgrace and uncertainty. Preschool/Play Age (3 to 5 years) Initiative versus.. Blame PURPOSE Exploration Children need to start affirming control and control over nature. Accomplishment in this stage prompts a feeling of direction. Youngsters who attempt to apply a lot of intensity experience objection, bringing about a feeling of blame. Young (6 to 1 years) Industry versus.. Inadequacy COMPETENCE SchoolChildren need to adapt to new social and scholarly requests. Achievement prompts a feeling of skill, while disappointment brings about sentiments of inadequacy. Puberty (12 to 18 years) Identity versus.. Job Confusion FIDELITY Social Relationships Teens need to build up a feeling of self and individual character. Achievement prompts a capacity to remai n consistent with yourself, while disappointment prompts job disarray and a frail feeling of self. Youthful Adulthood (19 to 40 years) Intimacy versus.. Segregation LOVE Relationships Young grown-ups need to shape close, cherishing associations with different people.Success fathers to solid connections, while disappointment brings about forlornness and confinement. Center Adulthood (40 to 65 years) Generatively versus.. Stagnation CARE Work and Parenthood Adults need to make or support things that will outlive them, frequently by having youngsters or making a constructive change that benefits others. Achievement prompts sentiments of helpfulness and achievement, while disappointment brings about shallow association on the planet. Maturity(65 to death) Ego Integrity versus.. Gloom WISDOM Reflection on Life Older grown-ups need to think back on life and feel a feeling of fulfillment.Success at this label prompts sentiments of shrewdness, while disappointment brings about lament, sharp ness, and sadness. Qualities and Weaknesses of Erik Erosion's Theory Strengths Comprehensiveness It delivers itself to wide assortment of marvel both typical and irregular and tries to organic, social, social and verifiable variables. Heuristic Value Within Psychology, Erosion's work has contributed straightforwardly to life expectancy brain research and the advancement of grown-up brain research. Applied Value Erosion's work has functional effect in the zone of youngster brain science and psychiatry, advising, instruction and social work.Weaknesses Male Bias Erik Erikson enunciated psychosocial stage depicts the existence cycle signs of white, western culture and may not make a difference well to different societies or even to our own today/present time. Disintegration's certain result, (for example, self-rule, activity, industry) temperances, (for example, will, reason and ability) are much of the time seen as qualities of sound male turn of events. What's more, his negative ones, (uncertainty, blame and mediocrity) are viewed as reflecting unfortunate female turn of events. Cruising's investigations of young lady and ladies' advancement recommend distinctive positive qualities develop in sound

No god but God

Reza Aslan’s book, ‘No god But God’, is a far reaching recounting the story and the historical backdrop of one of the significant religions on the planet today. Experiencing the 352 pages of the book, even an individual who had no information on Arabia’s pre-Islamic history, no commonality with Islamic ascent, and no past cognizance of the different lessons and philosophical variables, is an extraordinary encounter of investigation in the realm of Islam and the Muslim method of thought. What makes this book special is that it associates a significant number of what is happening in the Islamic world with the most recent occasions concerning fear based oppression and aggressor Islamic gatherings in better places of the world. Realizing that Aslan is a Muslim who earned various degrees in Religions and Arts in the United States gives us a thought regarding the measure of data that every peruser can get. All through the book, the peruser is being guided by an insider who is learned in what concerns all the related components. What's more, from the opposite side, this can be another segment in featuring the way that the book is written in a manner that is straightforward and that is totally comprehendible. Substance AND THOUGHTS The writer of the book starts by clarifying the reasons that drove him to compose the book and to make such a volume about Islam. He clarifies that the principle reason isn't to experience the history and present clashes inside the religion, however to endeavor to anticipate its future and how it will advance. â€Å"This book isn't only a basic reconsideration of the starting points and advancement of Islam, nor is it just a record of the present battle among Muslims to characterize the eventual fate of this superb yet misconstrued confidence. This book is, to the exclusion of everything else, a contention for reform†Ã¢ â (Prologue). The book is separated into ten unmistakable segments; every one experiences a specific phase of the birth and advancement of the religion. Also, in a large number of these sections, many direct references and clarifications are made concerning occasions that we see today and their inception and effect on the Muslim universe of today according to an assortment of subjects. The principal segment of the book ‘The conflict of monotheisms’, is a basic part where the writer expresses the reasons that drove him to composing the book. He expresses that Islam isn't, as some case, a fierce religion that can't exist together with present day estimations of popular government and human rights. â€Å"A hardly any all around regarded scholastics conveyed this contention further by proposing that the disappointment of majority rule government to rise in the Muslim world was expected in huge part to Muslim culture, which they asserted was inherently inconsistent with Enlightenment esteems, for example, radicalism, pluralism, independence, and human rights. It was hence only a question of time before these two incredible civic establishments, which have such clashing belief systems, conflicted with one another in some disastrous way. What's more, what better model do we need of this certainty than September 11?† (Prologue). He asserts, rather, that specific conditions were the motivation behind why the Muslim world is such a great amount behind in these fields. In the primary part of the book, ‘The asylum in the desert: pre-Islamic Arabia’, the peruser can for all intents and purposes live through the conditions and occasions that were occurring in Arabia before the development of the religion. Here we find numerous signs to the way that, as opposed to the truth of today, the Arabian Peninsula was populated by the adherents of numerous religions: Jews, Christians, and others. â€Å"It is here, inside the confined inside of the asylum, that the lords of pre-Islamic Arabia live: Hubal, the Syrian lord of the moon; al-Uzza, the ground-breaking goddess the Egyptians knew as Isis and the Greeks called Aphrodite; al-Kutba, the Nabataean divine force of composing and divination; Jesus, the manifest divine force of the Christians, and his heavenly mother, Mary† (Aslan 3). Furthermore, regarding the Jewish people group the creator states: â€Å"The Jewish nearness in the Arabian Peninsula can, in principle, be followed to the Babylonian Exile a thousand years sooner, however ensuing relocations may have occurred in 70 C.E., after Rome's sacking of the Temple in Jerusalem, and again in 132 C.E., after the messianic uprising of Simon Bar Kochba. Generally, the Jews were a flourishing and profoundly compelling diaspora whose culture and conventions had been altogether incorporated into the social and strict milieu of pre-Islamic Arabia† (9). The accompanying three parts, ‘The attendant of the keys: Muhammad in Mecca’, ‘The city of the prophet: the first Muslims’, and ‘Fight in the method of God: the significance of Jihad’, give the peruser an inside and out explanation about how Islam sprung up, from the earliest starting point of the account of the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, his life before perceiving the crucial he was set to achieve and the different occasions that molded the period of the start of the new religion and how the Muslim devotees, including the prophet himself, were treated by the individuals of their clan and all the conditions that drove the Islamic state to be built up in Medina rather than Mecca, the first city of the prophet. What is fascinating in this book is that it makes, during the recounting the story, references to numerous things that we see today in the Muslim world. One of the instances of this is the reference made to the account of the Hijab or the Islamic garments and head front of Muslim ladies, which has turned into a recognizing normal for Muslim ladies today. It is astonishing to discover that the entire thought isn't brought by the Quran or the first Islamic lessons: â€Å"Although since a long time ago observed as the most particular seal of Islam, the shroud is, shockingly, not charged upon Muslim ladies anyplace in the Quran. The custom of veiling and disconnection (referred to together as hijab) was brought into Arabia some time before Muhammad, principally through Arab contacts with Syria and Iran, where the hijab was an indication of societal position. All things considered, just a lady who need not work in the fields could stand to stay confined and veiled†¦ the shroud was neither mandatory, nor so far as that is concerned, generally embraced until ages after Muhammad’s demise, when an enormous group of male scriptural and lawful researchers started utilizing their strict and political power to recapture the strength they had lost in the public eye because of the Prophet’s libertarian reforms† (65-66). The following section, ‘The appropriately guided ones: the replacements to Muhammad’, experiences the occasions that occurred after the demise of the prophet, and how clashes showed up on the progression in what concerns the situation of Islamic pioneer of Caliph, or replacement. The 6th part, ‘This religion is a science: the advancement of Islamic religious philosophy and law’, is the one that contains the greater part of the data about the lessons, the legends, the diverse philosophical perspectives, and the different ceremonies that make up the religion. Here, the peruser will have a thought regarding the various ways of thinking. The accompanying part, ‘In the strides of saints: from Shi’ism to Khomeinism’, presents the narrative of how the Shi’ite Muslim group showed up because of the killing of Ali, the fourth Caliph after Muhammad and the political and strict outcomes of this appearance that we can find in our present reality. It relates the new factors of confidence that were brought into Islam by the Shi’ite group and how those components were continually being utilized by wants and wishes of the pioneers, for example, Kommeini in what concerns present day Iran. Next, the part ‘Stain your supplication carpet with wine: the Sufi way’ is a portrayal of another organization of Islam, which is Sufism. It experiences a significant number of the various ideas that Sufis utilize and have faith in which are totally unique in relation to those of standard Islam and Shi’ite Islam. The ninth part, ‘An arousing in the east: the reaction to colonialism’, discusses the impacts of European expansionism on Muslim nations and how it was confronted: â€Å"the patriots tried to fight European imperialism through a mainstream countermovement that would supplant the Salafiyyah's yearning of strict solidarity with the more realistic objective of racial solidarity: as it were, Pan-Arabism† (Aslan 233) The last section, ‘Slouching toward Medina: the Islamic reformation’, talks about the foundation of the Muslim states after the finish of imperialism. An intriguing thought that the creator presents in this section is the examination between the changes that occurred inside the Christian history which drove Christian social orders to move towards majority rules system, human rights, and pluralism and the conditions that are being formed today inside Islamic social orders. What's more, he expresses that Islamic social orders may need to experience vicious and incredibly flimsy conditions before arriving at the last wanted goal that others in the Western world came to. As indicated by the creator, there is a progressing battle occurring in the Muslim world between the powers of customary strict convictions and those that need to move their social orders into the cutting edge establishments of majority rules system and human right. He expresses that â€Å"in the creating capitals of the Muslim world †Tehran, Cairo, Damascus, and Jakarta †and in the cosmopolitan capitals of Europe and the United States †New York, London, Paris, and Berlin †where that message is being reclassified by scores of first and second era Muslim workers. By combining the Islamic estimations of their progenitors with the majority rule beliefs of their new homes, these Muslims have formed†¦ a ‘mobilizing force’ for a Muslim renewal that, following quite a while of stony rest, has at long last awoken and is presently slumping t

A HUGE shout-out to two Seeples COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A HUGE shout-out to two Seeples COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Heres a HUGE shout-out to two recent grads who were named to the Forbes Social Entrepreneurs 30 Under 30 List. Tsechu Dolma MPA 15, and Sabrina-Natasha Habib MPA-DP 16. From Forbes.com: Dolma is a native Tibetan, and founded the Mountain Resiliency Project to address the poverty and food insecurity prevalent in mountain communities. They are working to create stronger communities from within to combat the already apparent impacts of climate change. Habib cofounded Kidogo. Kidogo is working to improve access to high-quality, affordable, early childhood care and education in East Africas urban slums. They use a hub and spoke model in which best-practice early childhood centers (the hubs) provide childcare and preschool services. The hubs also serve as models for the spokes, which are childcare micro-businesses run by local women as part of a social-franchising program. Congratulations to these two amazing women! You can read more about the 30 Under 30 program here.

Gender Inequality A Huge Problem - 971 Words

Gender inequality The world surrounding us today tells us what to do, how to be, and what to think based on the bodies that we live in. However, what the world has forgotten is that we are all just people. People that cry, that bleed, feel the hurt of sorrow or the happiness of pure joy. At the end of the day, it doesn t matter what we do in life but how we live it, how we love ourself and how we love others. So why is gender inequality still such a huge problem? Gender inequality refers to the unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It is evident from our workforce to our society with gender stereotypes and degradation being seen in everyday life, however no one wants to do anything about it. Most of the time gender inequality is just pushed away, forgotten about, because there always seems to be bigger problems that we should be worrying about. Although this is a big problem, and we, as females, should not back down. If gender inequality is the least of our problems then why are women being denied birth control and given misleading information about their sexual health. Why are little girls hearts being broken as they are told they are not good enough or not worthy enough and they can t be a firefighter when they grow up because they re not a boy. Why do women have higher rates for depression and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. Why are women s bodies being constantly degraded in media and sexual violence against womenShow MoreRelatedSocial Inequality : A Part Of Sports1080 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: Social inequality is a part of many issues other than sports, but it is a part of sports to do several issues such as gender roles, salary and stereotypes. The Significance: The significance of this topic of inequality in sports is that it does not just occur in sports. It happens all around us, you see social inequality happening at work places, schools, restaurants and many other places. Many people don’t see if because they don’t know what it is. Population: Many people think it onlyRead MoreGender Inequality : A Social Problem1728 Words   |  7 Pageswhy a social problem exists, came to be and where its future lies. The best explanation on why gender inequality is, always has been, and will continue to be a social problem is from the functionalist perspective. Functionalist focus on how a society creates the social problem and then analyzes how and why the social issue has been maintained over the years. The objective reality is that gender inequality has and always will be a major issue in society. The scope of gender inequality has changed drasticallyRead MoreHorrific Treatment Women In The Middle East. Spring 2017.1718 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent ways, and different causes. However, they all lead to dehumanization of the individual. 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Women have never had the sameRead MoreGender Bias And Gender Inequality1373 Words   |  6 Pagesonly makes â…” of what the average male does. Whether it is in school, or the workforce, gender inequality still exists and is a major problem. There is still a huge difference in the way women get treated compared to the way men get treated. Due to the invisible barrier that is holding back the success of women, social realities need to be redefined in order for gender inequality to longer exist. Gender inequality refers to the unequal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and

Article by Bartley - 523 Words

In the article by Bartley, it looks at how the West should believe in itself a little bit more and they should see how they are different. The article looks at communication and how it will insure that democracy survives and it mediates our understanding of the world. The article also looks at the â€Å"clash of civilizations† and how the conflicts will not be over resources but it will be over the fundamental and often irreconcilable values. This will make the U.S. and the West on the defensive. The article also talks about how there has been a lot of interest in cultural, ethnic and religious values in the Islamic fundamentalism. The article looks at how people in the other countries are being educated in the U.S. There is also a power of prosperity where Western values are becoming an artifact of an exogenous civilization, but a lot of people believe that they are an artifact of economic development itself. At a certain level of prosperity people want power and that the eco nomic development leads to demands for democracy and individual autonomy. The future is no sure thing and it is all about the people. In the article by Wilson, it looks at the concept of American Exceptionalism. The article talks about how we should embrace our values in the country and we should be proud of who we are in the world system. The article looks at how we are truly different and distinct. There are a couple of problems in our world which is the poor cannot get over certain things andShow MoreRelatedSun Tzu’s Art of War and The Global War on Terror Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pages(Galvin and Giles 21). This is why Tzu remains an important piece of literature for all to read. Tzu’s principles on leadership; â€Å"the Commander†, military training, and war tactics have been compared to Al Qaeda’s mujahidin and leader, Osama Bin Laden (Bartley 238). While Sun Tzu was a military strategist, he â€Å"stressed the action of war as a final and last o ption† (Galvin and Giles 15). This, along with the importance of understanding the enemy and identifying the appropriate time to attack are demonstratedRead MoreTheir contribution during world war one was the main reason why the majority of women gained the right to vote in 1918 How valid is this view?1710 Words   |  7 Pageshimself, however now this view is being disputed. Bartley argues against this due to the fact that in 1918, the vote was only awarded to wealthy women over the age of thirty, despite that it was primarily working class women who did these jobs during the war. Additionally, Bartley argues that working class women had always filled these positions so a sudden recognition of this would be unlikely to be the reasoning behind awarding the vote to women. Bartley also argues that men resented women filling theirRead MoreThe Buffalo Creek Disaster Vs. 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Steamboat Music, Silly Symphonies, and Fantasias of Sound

Steamboat Music, Silly Symphonies, and Fantasias of Sound â€Å"We keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things, because were curious, and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths.† -Walt Disney With one man and a mouse, the history of the film, animation, and soundtrack world was changed forever. Co-founder of Walt Disney Productions, now known as The Walt Disney Company, Walt Disney changed the game of the movie industry with his animated films, ushering in a new era of feature animations. Not only were his animations original, but they were innovative. Disney constantly pushed himself to find new ways to advance the medium through which he transmitted his ideas. Starting simply with comics in his school newspaper,†¦show more content†¦In 1919, Walt moved back to Kansas City to try to find work as an actor or a newspaper artist. His brother, Roy, found him a job at Pesmen-Rubin Art Studios, where Walt met Ubbe Iwerks. The two of them would create advertisements for movie theaters, magazines, and newspapers. When the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studios expired, Disney and Iwerks formed their own company, and were introduced to cut out animation by a colleague, Fred Harman. When Disney soon learned about cel animation and saw how much more promising it would be than cut out animation, the three men created what they called â€Å"Laugh-O-Grams,† and screen Disneys cartoons at the most popular â€Å"showmans† movie theater in Kansas City. Ending up bankrupt, Walt and his brother, Roy, decided to move to the industrys capital city, Hollywood, California, in order to set up their own movie studio on Hyperion Avenue, as Disney Brothers Studio. Here they produced their Alice Comedies series, based off of Alices Adventures in Wonderland, and had them distributed by Margaret Winkler. In 1925, Disney hired a new ink and paint artist, a young woman named Lillian Bounds, whom Walt would soon marry. By 1927, the successful series focus ed more on the animated characters than on the live-action Alice herself, and Charles Mintz, Winklers husband, was now the distributor. Mintz ordered the Disney brothers to produce a new series for Universal Pictures, who had found successShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Walt Disney890 Words   |  4 Pageswhitewash side of the barn. Disney’s father discovered what Disney was doing though before he was able to finish. His father was enraged. This wasn’t just because Disney had drawn on the wall, but it was also because his father thought that art and music were worthless pastimes. He thought the life of a young boy should be nothing but hard work. Desperate for something to draw on, he started sketching on rolls of toilet paper. He is quoted, â€Å"You can guess what I did with them, especially as I ateRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s The Great Gatsby 1205 Words   |  5 PagesMouse started to talk and with sound became the darling of the masses. Disney titled the series â€Å"Steamboat Willie† and the reviews were fantastic when Mickey first appeared on film at the Colony Theater in New York November 18, 1928. This new wave of cartoons with synchronized sound was transforming and revolutionizing the industry. Soon after, Disney made a deal to create merchandise which enhanced the popularity of the series. With the Flowers and Trees, a Silly Symphony piece where colors were introducedRead MoreWalt Disney : The World s First Theme Park1044 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Oswald the Rabbit† films in under two years. In 1928, Disney created the character Mickey Mouse. Originally, Mickey was portrayed as an airplane pilot, then an adventurous pirate. Disney’s first sound movie was called â€Å"The Jazz Singer†, which led to the world’s first talking-and-music cartoon called â€Å"Steamboat Willie† featuring Mickey Mouse. Because the cartoon was getting so much positive attention, Disney decided to add a few new characters by the names of Minnie Mouse (Mickey’s girlfriend), GoofyRead MoreWalter Elias Disney s Life1216 Words   |  5 Pagesanimated shorts featuring Mickey was Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho, both silent films which failed to find circulation. When sound made its way into film, Walt created a third, sound-and-music-equipped short titled Steamboat Willie. With Walt as the voice of Mickey, the cartoon was an instant sensation. (Editors) Commercial Success In 1929, Walt started Silly Symphonies, which featured Mickey s new friends, including Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. One of the most popular cartoons,Read MoreWalt Disney : An American Motion Picture And Television Producer And As The Creator Of Disneyland1175 Words   |  5 Pagesfeaturing Mickey were Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho, both silent films for which they failed to find distribution. When sound made its way into film, Disney created a third, sound-and-music-equipped short called Steamboat Willie. With Walt as the voice of Mickey, the cartoon was an instant sensation. (Editors) Commercial Success In 1929, Disney started Silly Symphonies, which featured Mickey s new friends, including Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. One of the most popular cartoonsRead MoreWalt Disney s Influence On The Entertainment Industry1561 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Gallopin’ Gaucho† both silent films and â€Å"Steamboat Willie† an animated short with sound. Disney soon became attached to Mickey Mouse and was also the voice of Mickey Mouse in his animated shorts. Soon, Mickey Mouse became an instant sensation around America. In 1929, Disney introduced the world to Mickey Mouse’s friends: Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. Mickey and his friends first appeared in the animated cartoon series, â€Å"Silly Symphonies†. Two of the most famous cartoons in this cartoonRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Disney 2028 Words   |  9 PagesIwerks. Disney’s first sound film, Steamboat Willie, starring Mickey, released November 18, 1928. The third of Disney’s Mickey cartoons, it featured synchronized sound, the first of its kind (‘The Walt Disney Company’). Mickey Mouse became a sensation around the world (‘History of the Walt Disney Studios’). Soon after came Pluto, Goofy, Donald Duck, and the rest of the gang (‘The Walt Disney Studios History’). Disney made more cartoons with Mickey Mouse, and began the Silly Symphony series. Every filmRead MoreWalt Disney : A Little Boy1941 Words   |  8 Pagesfirst animations featuring Mickey were Plane Crazy and The Gallopin’ Gaucho. Both of these silent films were not successful but when sound made its way into film. Disney designed a third sound and music equipped film named Steamboat Willie. Along with Walt as the voice of Mickey, the cartoon was a fast impression. In the year of 1929, Disney Produced Silly Symphonies, which advertised Mickey’s newly created friends, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. One of the most known cartoons FlowersRead MoreFinancial Analysis of Disney3827 Words   |  16 Pagessynchronized sound film was produced, so Walt created a new Mickey cartoon with sound, Steamboat Willie. It opened in New York on November 18, 1928. The mouse was an immediate success around the world. Not wanting to rely on one success, Walt produced the Silly Symphonies. Each of the films had a different cast so the animators could experiment with moods and musical themes. This series turned into a training ground for Disney artists. In 1932 Flowers and Trees, which was a Silly Symphony and the firstRead MoreWalter Elias : Walt Disney2016 Words   |  9 PagesPlane Crazy and Gallopin’ Gaucho, which were silent films that failed to find distribution or become popular. The third film, Steamboat Willie, provided sound and music along with walt as the voice of Mickey. The short premiered at Colony Theatre in New York on the 18th of November, 1928. As Mickey s popularity began to decline after the war, Disney created Silly Symphonies, which featured Mickeys newly created friends, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. Technicolor was introduced to animation

The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay Example For Students

The Federalist Papers and Federalism Essay The Federalist Papers and FederalismThe Federalist Papers were mostly the product of two young men:Alexander Hamilton of New York, age 32, and James Madison of Virginia, age 36. Both men sometimes wrote four papers in a single week. An older scholar, JohnJay, later named as first chief justice of the Supreme Court, wrote five of thepapers. Hamilton, who had been an aide to Washington during the Revolution,asked Madison and Jay to help him in this project. Their purpose was topersuade the New York convention to ratify the just-drafted Constitution. Theywould separately write a series of letters to New York newspapers, under thepseudonym, Publius. In the letters they would explain and defend theConstitution. Hamilton started the idea and outlined the sequence of topics to bediscussed, and addressed most of them in fifty-one of the letters. MadisonsTwenty-nine letters have proved to be the most memorable in their balance andideas of governmental power. It is not clear whether The Federalist Papers,written between October 1787 and May 1788 had any effect on New Yorks andVirginias ratification of the Constitution. Encyclopedia Britannica defines Federalism as, A mode of politicalorganization that unites independent states within a larger political frameworkwhile still allowing each state to maintain its own political integrity (712). Having just won a revolution against an oppressive monarchy, the Americancolonists were in willing to replace it with another monarchy style ofgovernment. On the other hand, their experience with the disorganization underthe Articles of Confederation, due to unfair competition between the individualstates, made them a little more receptive to an increase in national powers. Anumber of Federalist Papers argued that a new kind of balance, never achievedelsewhere was possible. The Papers were themselves a balance or compromisebetween the nationalist ideas of Hamilton, who wrote more for the commercialinterests of New York, and the uneasiness of Madison, who shared the skepticismof distant authority widely held by Virginia farmers. In American Government and Politics Today, Madison proposed that,instead of the absolute sovereignty of each state under the Articles ofConfederation. The states would retain a residual sovereignty in all areaswhich did not require national concern. The very process of ratification of theConstitution, he argued, symbolized the concept of federalism (77). He said:This assent and ratification is to be given by the people, not asindividuals composing one entire nation, but as composing the distinct andindividual States to which they respectively belong The act, therefore,establishing the Constitution, will not be a national but a federal act (qtd inAmerican 85). The Federalist Papers also provide the first specific mention we have ofthe idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power andpreventing its abuse. Both Hamilton and Madison regarded this as the mostpowerful form of government. As conceived, popularly elected House ofRepresentatives would be checked and balanced by a more conservative Senatepicked by state legislatures. (in 1913 the 17th Amendment changed this to thepopular election of senators). Hamilton observed in letter number 78 that, Ademocratic assembly is to be checked by a democratic senate and both these by ademocratic chief magistrate (318). In what many historians agree is his most brilliant essay, number 78. Hamilton defended the Supreme Courts right to rule upon the constitutionalityof laws passed by national or state legislatures. This historically crucialpower of judicial review, he argued, was an appropriate check on thelegislature, The pestilential breath of faction may poison the fountains ofjustice (317). Hamilton rejected the British system of allowing the Parliamentto override by majority vote any court decision it finds to its dislike. Thecourts of justice are to be considered the bulwarks of a limited Constitutionagainst legislative encroachments (318). Only the difficult process ofamending the Constitution or the gradual transformation of its members toanother viewpoint, could reverse the Supreme Courts interpretation of thatdocument. None Essay His main concern was the need, To break and control the violence of faction (36). Meaning political parties. He regarded political partys as the greatest danger to popular government. Madison wrote: I understand a number of citizens are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. These passions or interests .

ACT Test Anxiety

How to Overcome SAT/ACT Test Anxiety SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips We've all experienced nerves before an important evaluation, but for many of us the anxiety is much, much worse than a few simple jitters. By all accounts, a significant percentage of students experience some level of test anxiety, ranging from significant but livable symptoms to the most severely debilitating manifestations. Dealing with any level of test anxiety during the SAT or ACT is, at its best, the opposite of fun. This guide will explain what test anxiety is, why it happens, and what you can do to manage it. Test Anxiety: What Is It? The first thing to say is that test anxiety isreal. It's not something you've just imagined, and it's not a simple matter of bucking up and pulling it together. It's also not a moral failing or a character flaw. It's a real and serious phenomenon, and it isn't your fault. Background Test anxiety is frequently considered a subcategory of performanceanxiety, which is characterized by excessive nervousness in situationswhere there's high pressure to do well. Of course, in the case of test anxiety, the excessive nervousness is related specifically to tests. In clinical terms, text anxiety has also been identified as a specific way that social anxiety disorder or generalized anxiety disorder may manifest. This does not necessarily mean that if you experience test anxiety you would definitely be diagnosed with social anxiety disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. That's a conversation for a licensed mental health provider. In short, then, test anxiety is experiencing worry about what might happen witha test that goes beyond the bounds of what society deems "normal". It's perfectly natural to be nervous, but test anxiety goes above and beyond basic nerves. Examining some symptoms may help delineate the difference further. Symptoms Not everyone with test anxiety experiences every symptom. This is a wide range of possible effects: you might have many of these, or only a few. Let's assess what's going on. Physical symptoms include headache; nausea, vomiting, or other gastrointestinal upset; excessive sweating; high blood pressure; dry mouth; shortness of breath; rapid heartbeat; and lightheadedness, feeling faint, or passing out. Emotional symptoms include dread, anger, fear, depression, feeling disappointed, and feeling helpless. Behavioral symptoms include fidgeting, pacing, avoidance, and uncontrollable laughing or crying. Cognitive symptoms include racing thoughts, trouble concentrating, negative thinking, negative self-talk, comparing yourself to others, and difficulty organizing thoughts. Another symptom of test anxiety is experiencing panic attacks. During a panic attack, you may feel that you can't breathe. Otherwise, you might have symptoms of a heart attack, including severe chest pain. If you're experiencing these symptoms, don't brush them off. Whether it's a panic attack or a heart attack, it deserves attention. Go to the nearest emergency room and find out for sure what's going on. All of these symptoms occur on a spectrum; some are easier to deal with, and some are a lot harder. You may have a headache, or you may flat-out faint. You may fidget, or you may break down crying. These symptoms all contribute to making a hard test that much harder. Having trouble concentrating or difficulty organizing thoughts is a completely unfair disadvantage to have as someone with test anxiety. Not only are you totally uncomfortable during the test, your worst fear is coming true- the test is almost impossible to get through! Test anxiety is incredibly cyclical in nature. As we've established, it basically boils down to excessive worry over doing well on a test. Being anxiousalso makes it very hard to do well on any test. The effect of that whole unfortunate fiasco is to make you less confident about your chances of doing well on a test- in other words, you get more anxious. Causes of Test Anxiety There a few reasons someone might experience test anxiety. Why does test anxiety happen? A lot of test anxiety stems from a fear of failure. Some of us tend to be especially sensitive to the pressure to perform. This can lead to a connection between self-worth and the outcome of tests- a very unhelpful association, but one which is difficult to overcome. Another trigger for test anxiety is lack of preparation. It's very natural to feel anxious when you're not prepared for the test ahead. This can exacerbate an underlying tendency towards test anxiety. Also, a poor history of testing experiences can contribute to test anxiety. If you haven't traditionally done as well as you'd like on tests, then you're not going to feel optimistic about the possible outcomes of future tests. There's also the definite possibility of a genetic predisposition. Our brains are built off of our DNA. If you experience test anxiety as part of a larger, underlying anxiety disorder, genetics likelyplay a very large role in what's going on. Sometimes, no matter how prepared you are, no matter how good of a testing history you have, and no matter how confident you are that you're worthwhile independent of tests, you might just wind up developing test anxiety. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! How to Manage Test Anxiety With Preparation Remember how under-preparation can trigger test anxiety? That means that, if you experience test anxiety, you especially need to prepare for tests. It's essential to prepare. Give Yourself Plenty of Time for a Test Preparation Program Don't try to cram starting a week before the test. This goes back to the lack-of-preparation trigger; the more thoroughly you've prepared, the better your chances are of feeling alright on test day. Review Regularly Since you're starting the process early, the topics you cover in the beginning will get rusty by the time you're near the end of the list- unless you review them periodically. Practice Under Exam Conditions Doing your best to simulate the test ahead of time will get you exposure to at least some of the circumstances that tend to make you anxious, such as time limits. Plan to Take the Test More Than Once (If Possible) It sounds like it'd add to your stress, but it will actually help you calm down over successive test dates- if you practice the techniques discussed in this article. It will also take the pressure off of you for any particular test date. Do your best on each test you take, but prioritize working through your test anxiety over what your score will be, especially on early run-through's. Appoint Dedicated Study-Time and Dedicated Break-Time It's important that you get enough study time in, and the best way to do that is to schedule it, rather than trying to fit it in catch-as-catch-can. It's also important that you don't completely fry yourself, so commit to taking breaks at regular intervals. If you start to looklike this, it's time for a break. Use Your Free Time Wisely If you've been typing an essay at the computer for three hours, a break that consists of checking your email and surfing the web will probably not rejuvenate you. On the other hand, getting outside or engaging ina conversation about something other than your work will probably perk you right up. Find a Dedicated Study Space Ideally, this space shouldnot be your bedroom. Our brains tend to form associations with the environments we frequent. It's easier to study somewhere you've only ever studied than it is to study somewhere you've only ever slept, hung out, or played video games. Keep Things Organized When you're cleaning up, it may be a pain not to simply throw all your materials together, but you'll thank yourself later (when you're trying to sort through it all) for spending a few minutes maintaining some order. Maintain a Positive Attitude Related to the Test This may sound impossible at first. Start small, then, and reframe your self-talk to a more optimistic tone. Remind yourself often that you are more than your scores and that your self-worth should not be tied to test performance. Set reasonable expectations for yourself, be gracious when you fall short, and reward your own effort. Get Your Proverbial Pencil Moving Often, the first step we take is the hardest. Once we get going, it's a lot easier to maintain that momentum. If you're overwhelmed or uncertain, then sometimes the best thing to do is to start somewhere. It doesn't matter if it's the ideal place tostart; it just matters that you're getting going. Stay Healthy Self-care is hugely important as you get ready to take the test. Make sure you're sleeping enough- sleep is hugely important for our brains. Eat healthily- don't diet, and don't binge on junk food; keep your nutritional intake balanced and satisfying. Exercise. Make time to rest and relax. Not every minute of your day needs to be about producing something; rather, downtimeis productive. An apple a day keeps the doctor away!Make sure you're eating well. Devise a Routine to Follow Prior to the Test This should involve things like having a good breakfast, checking your purse or backpack for all the things you need to take, and leaving with plentyof time to arrive early and get settled at the testing center. It should also involve anything that makes you feel your best. Wear the right clothes. Some people like to dress up and feel more professional and presentable, like something important is going on. Others would rather show up in their sweats and a ratty T-shirt, hair unbrushed, and not be distracted by styling products or uncomfortable clothes. Either is fine: it's all about making you feel ready to take on the world. Listen to music, if that gets you going. You might even create a playlist specific to test day. Do you meditate? Spend time in your practice. Whatever contributes to you feeling invincible, do it. What to Do During the Test We're all agreed that the test is stressful. Here are sometips on reducing that stress to a manageable level. Use what you need, when you need it. These are options for you to try; not everything works for everyone, and I don't recommend running through every single one of these on every test unless you really need to. Accept Your Anxiety Anxiety is habitual and cyclical; it's extremely unlikely that it will just disappear. Expect to feel some level of anxiety, and give yourself the clear message that anxiety is OK. You still don't have to like it. When you feel anxious, rather than kicking yourself or getting revved up further, acknowledge that you're anxious, and make a commitment to taking valued action anyway. Go through with the test, even though it's uncomfortable. Don't let your anxiety keep you from doing important things. Your anxiety may wellbe there, like it or not. Learn to manage it- not strive against it. Breathe Take deep, slow breaths. Ideally, count with a few of them, and see if you can make your exhale slightly longer than your inhale: for example, in on a count of four, out on a count of six. This helps activate your parasympathetic nervous system, whose job it is to calm you down. Focus on the Test A big part of test anxiety is comparing yourself to other people. Our brains can only juggle so much information at once, though; if you're thinking about the other students, you're not thinking about the test- and vice versa. Use this to your advantage. Every time your mind wanders, don't blame yourself or beat yourself up- just bring yourself back to the test. Sometimes, a simple bit of self-talk can help shift your focus: "Thanks, mind; I'm not playing that game today." The sharper you can keep your focus on the test, the less you'll have to deal with the unpleasantness of worrying about other people. Realize, too, though, that sometimes coming straight back to the test is impossible; maybe your thoughts are racing too fast, or your experience of anxiety is too extreme. There are several tips here that address the process of grounding into the moment so that you're free to return to the test. Use Positive Self-Talk The idea here is to give yourself a message that comforts or inspires you. This can be abstract or specific, emotional or logical. The only criterion is that it has a positive effect on you. An example might be, "I am doing my best, and that is good enough." Think of Something You Have to Look Forward To Whether it's a treat when you're done with the test (which is an awesome idea, by the way!) or your favorite cousin's birthday bash in three weeks, think about what you have waiting on the other side of the exam. The test won't last forever. Stretch Our bodies don't negotiate anxiety well while sedentary. Changing positions can be extremely refreshing, and it's a chance to get some of that anxious energy out. Besides, it reminds you of what your body feels like, and that's something we too often forget when we're so stuck in our heads. Full-on yoga is not recommended while you're at the test center. Tense (and Relax) Your Muscles Dig your heels into the ground. Squeeze your fists. Get your muscles involved- this is another great way to invoke physical sensation. Don'tkeep things tense, though- this is counterproductive to the overall goal of grounded relaxation. Tension is the enemy of readiness: tension means being stuck. A moment of tension, though, can help you recalibrate to relaxation. Use Imagery Any image can be helpful: imagine watching a flickering candle or running through a grassy field barefoot. Often it's especially helpful to use an image that implies moving past the experience of the moment. Think of leaves floating down a river, or clouds floating through the sky. You can imagine that each leaf or each cloud carries one of your thoughts. Breathe in what you want in the moment, breatheout what you wish to let go. Close a book that full ofyour worry-thoughts. Change the channel on the TV of your mind. Hang up the phone on your inner monologue. Describe Your Environment, Using All Five Senses One way to ground yourself in the present moment is to make simple mental statements like, "The walls are gray. My desk is smooth and hard. I smell a freshly sharpened pencil." These statements should be factual and objective- avoid judgments, positive or negative. We don't want, "The walls are such an ugly color. This desk is too small; it's really uncomfortable. I smell a freshly sharpened pencil- that's such a nice smell!" Stimulate Your Senses Another path to rapid grounding is by purposefully stimulating the senses. Some senses (especially taste) might not work as well during the SAT or ACT. Your sense of touch, though, is an easy way to ground into reality. Try touching your clothes or feeling the underside of the desk. Concentrates on the sensations you feel with each new object. What you see, hear, feel, smell, and taste can connect you to the present moment. Recite a Saying, a Quote, or a Poem (Silently) This shouldn't be something you compose on the spot; this is about recalling information. It doesn't have to be anything very meaningful, either; it can be the jingle from a fast-food ad.Focus on the words that are running through your mind. Recite the saying several times, if you need to; get a rhythm going, and let that soothe you. For an added twist, or if it's not engaging your mind enough, try spelling the phrase out. Count to Ten or Say the Alphabet- Slowly (Silently) In line with the task of reciting above, counting or saying the alphabet can distract you from rapid thoughts and give you something else to occupy your mind. Use this exercise as an opportunity to slow your mind down; see how slow you can get the pace without allowing the worry-thoughts back in. Switch Tasks (for a Moment) Yes, time is precious on the test, but take thirty seconds or so to do something other than the test. Reciting a phrase and counting to ten are themselves examples of this exercise; another option is the categories game. Think of a category (like "Famous Mice"), and name as many members of that category as you can (Chuck E. Cheese, the three blind mice, Mighty Mouse, etc.). An especially nice category to choose is "Favorite Things"; list your favorite bands, your favorite restaurants, your favorite people, and so on. Think of Something that Always Makes You Laugh For me, this is a particular still-shot from a movie; it was used for a caption contest online, and one of the submitted captions still cracks me up, years later. Think of what it is that always makesyou laugh, and practice bringing it to mind in moments of anxiety. Bring a Pocket Token Having a small rock or a smooth stone in your pocket can be a great way to connect to something outside the test. Reach into your pocket and feel your token when you feel the anxiety rising. Use it to remind you of the positive intention you set when you chose it. Be careful what you choose, though: it should be small (something you can keep in your pocket throughout the test) and it shouldn't have anything suspicious- like the Pythagorean Theorem- on it. Wearing a charm bracelet with a special charm can work, too. Say a Safety-Statement (Silently) A safety-statement is anything that both reassures you and reaffirms the experience you're having. Stick to simple, basic facts; for instance: "My name is (your name). I am at (test location). I am safe." What If These Tips Don't Help? Remember when I said test anxiety was linked to social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder? I'm not here to diagnose you, but if sustained, committed practice of the techniques described here doesn't get your symptoms to a relatively bearable level, it may be time to seek a professional opinion. It's not as big or scary as it may sound; start by going to your family doctor and describing the symptoms and concerns you're having. First off, getting a little help can greatly improve your quality of life. Also, it may help you get accommodations that will make test-taking much more possible. In most cases, it's very difficult to get accommodations on the SAT or ACT (such as an individual room or extra time) for test anxiety. For a lot of students, the trouble of getting the accommodations may be more of a hassle than it's ultimately worth- if the accommodations are even granted at all. For some, though, it's absolutely necessary- and some hard proof of the severity of symptoms is required (generally verified by a mental health provider). Make sure you feel truly listened to by any medical professional you choose to see. Conclusion In this article, we've looked at some basic information about test anxiety and some ways to deal with it. Important take-away'sare the fact that it's very real and not anybody's fault, that there are many ways to combat it, and that professional help may be required. Sensory stimulation, deep breathing, imagery, and self-talk are huge ways to work with test anxiety. In addition, being prepared is one of the all-around best things you can do to help yourself out. What's Next? Though I never used the term "mindfulness" in this article, that's exactly what many of the techniques I described are all about: mindfulness. Learn more by reading our discussion of mindfulness and the SAT. Also, read some specific suggestions about a timeline for studying for the SAT or ACT, but remember that you may want to pad these estimates and give yourself extra time. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The tragedy, Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

The tragedy, Romeo and Juliet Essay Example The tragedy, Romeo and Juliet Paper The tragedy, Romeo and Juliet Paper so if any one of the audiences was chatting or if they were not paying attention this device will successfully draw them into the story , as they would expect something vital to occur on this day . Also such repetition increases the tension in the plot as well as it adds to the sense of fast moving action.

Indiana Geology and Landscapes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Indiana Geology and Landscapes - Assignment Example The ice sheets carried with them sediments, which were a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and stones. When warmer weather finally arrived this mixed silt was left behind as the ice retreated north. arrived the advanced into Indiana and as outwash sand and gravel when the ice melted. The more uneven original bedrock was filled in with this accumulated debris finally producing a gently rolling, somewhat monotonous according to some, landscape. Â  There are hills and areas of higher land, as are shown in the relief map below but this is simply because these parts of the sedimentary rocks, which include limestone, dolomite, shale, sandstone, and siltstone, although they tip to the south west, were always higher in elevation than the intrusive ice sheets. This is especially so in the northeast of the state, although the highest point is actually in the south in Wayne County, near to the state’s eastern border. The rock there is the oldest in date, being from more than 440 million years ago. according to Indiana University, Department of Earth Sciences ( undated). Â  The same researchers state that the youngest rocks, mostly sandstone with some shale, coal, and limestone, referred to as the McLeansboro Group. This difference in the bedrock explains in part differences in the visible and invisible landscape. The dissolving of rocks such as limestone leads to karst landscapes with sinkholes and caves as in the Mitchell Plateau in Southern Indiana, as described by The Nature Conservancy, 2012. Stream rise and also disappear among a rolling landscape. The same site describes the Muscatatuck area with similar results from the dissolving of the bedrock, but in this case, the rocks concerned date from the Silurian and Devonian ages. ( See figure 4 ). Â  

In the introduction of the The Fly in the Ointment, by Joe Schwarcz, Essay

In the introduction of the The Fly in the Ointment, by Joe Schwarcz, the author notes that real-world chemistry engages the n - Essay Example Many cough medicines use similar ingredients, so analyzing a single brand is sufficient to make assumptions about most of the medicines on the market. One such model medication is Triaminic Children's Cold and Cough. This medication contains 5 mg of dextromethorphan HCL as a cough suppressant, in addition to other active ingredients to act in helping with the pain and congestion symptoms of a cold (Triaminic-Novartis, 2011). It is reasonably effective at stopping a cough quickly, and so parents may use it for their younger child while ignorant of, or deliberately ignoring, the recommendations that it not be used in children under the age of four (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2000). What many parents may not realize when choosing to administer these medications to their pre-schooler is the mechanism of action of the dextromethorphan in Triaminic Cold and Cough. Dextromethorphan reduces coughing by actually decreasing electrical activity in the brain, specifically in the parts of the brain responsible for the cough reflex (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2000). This reflex is situated in the brain stem, a very basic portion of the brain involved in nearly all life-sustaining bodily functions (Shannon et al., 2004). This means that in addition to suppressing the cough, the medication can also cause disorientation and drowsiness even for those for whom dextromethorphan is FDA approved, and brain damage and death in young children (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2000). In addition to the possible detrimental effects of dextromethorphan, its effectiveness is actually also in question. Some studies have shown that giving a tablespoon of unprocessed honey to children above age two through age eighteen is more effective at stopping a nighttime cough than medications containing dextromethorphan. The parents of the children in one such study reported that not only did honey produce a similar level of cough suppression as th e medication, children had a better sleep quality after treatment with honey and in fact a better sleep quality with no treatment at all. Some side effects of the dextromethorphan, such as restlessness and anxiety, interfered more with a child's ability to fall asleep than did the comfort level of the child during an untreated cough (Paul et al., 2007). If all children's products containing dextromethorphan, such as Triaminic's Cold and Cough, were removed from the market, there would be a definite lack of available over-the-counter treatment for children's coughs (Maisch, 2007). However, given that there is an available alternate treatment, honey, and the risks of brain damage and even death, parents should be aware that simply because a product such as Cold and Cough is available on the market does not mean they should give it to their children. Even older children can be at risk for serious side effects, and parents should be very careful about making such they provide such medic ations in the correct dosage for their child's age and weight. There are situations where a cough is severe enough in a school-age child to warrant use of Triaminic's Cold and Cough, but in no case should a parent provide a pre-schooler with that or any other cough suppressant medication containing dextromethorphan (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2000). Any cough that is that serious requires the care of a

How the Communicator Influences the Audience

How the Communicator Influences the Audience Persuasion: Who, What, and to Whom Even though people can just say no to the individual or to a group, the communicator influences the audience because people may be persuaded by the message. The communicator’s goal is to change your mind, and most people are easily influenced.(Rhoads, 1997). Social psychology helps us to identify different aspects of ourselves, and the environment in which we live and work. It gives us insight as to why people judge others, and how the power of persuasion affects an individual, group, or a nation. An effective persuader possesses both positive and desirable traits. One of these traits is to portray believable knowledge. (Feenstra, 2011). If the communicator appears as if they know, what they are talking about they will be far more likely to persuade the audience. In addition, when the communicator speaks in an authoritative manner opposed to a hesitant, unsure manner they are typically much more persuasive. It is important that the audience see the communicator as being trustw orthy this plays an important role in persuasive communication. When a person is seen as always being honest, it makes them much more credible then a person who is known to lie or avoid telling the truth. Credibility is important to persuasion as it is associated with an individual’s character. The most important factor in persuading others is character. Moreover, an effective persuader builds a connection before giving the actual persuasive message. One way to establish this connection is in showing how you and your audience are alike. The more the audience feels that they are similar to the communicator the more they will identify and be persuaded by them. (Education, 2011). First, the communicator influences the audience with a message because the audience may be persuaded. If the audience sees the communicator as attractive, there is more of a chance they will be persuaded by them. There is a dramatic advantage over people who are not as good-looking in reference to persuasion. It is also the case that physically attractive people usually obtain higher grades, are more likely to be hired for a job, and when hired for a job takes home more money (Changing Minds, 2011). People seem to subconsciously and consciously believe that attractive people are more credible and trustworthy. The psychological reasoning is that people see a communicator that is attractive as also being more likeable. Being liked is also an important factor of persuasive communication. There are other important factors seen such as being friendly, optimistic, sincere, cheerful, appreciative, kind, and generous these characteristics are influences to being generally likeable. We are mo re likely to be persuaded by someone we like as opposed to someone we do not. People as a whole do not like to be thought of in a negative light and no one desires to feel unwanted or unattractive. It may be observed that when messages are persuasive by themselves that they are appealing to reason, logic, and are more effective than those messages that do not have those appeals. Data used in messages from outside sources instead of the communicator are also found to be more persuasive. The fear technique may sometimes persuade an individual to purchase an item or to support a â€Å"charitable† worthy cause. This is because an emotional appeal may arouse guilt or fear. The way an emotional appeal works is that, the individual wants to avoid negative consequences of guilt or fear. A guilt approach points out a mistake that the individual is responsible for then shows them how to make up for the mistake. How the communicator frames the message influences the way an individual re acts to it. Included in the framing of the message for example would be changing the meaning of the message or changing it to fit a particular audience. Framing works to focus on the subconscious level. (Rhoads, 1997). Additionally, the communicator’s goal is to change your mind. The way that narratives may be persuasive is that they capture and hold an individual’s attention. While the sleeper effect over time shows the context of the message to be more important than the credibility or knowledge of the communicator that gave the message. This shows that the content of the message is significant in persuading an audience to make lasting changes. The characteristics of the audience are also important because people perceive messages in different ways. Often cultures view male speakers as more credible than female speakers. Therefore, an effective persuader has to know about the culture of the audience and fit the message to that audience. It has recently been found that audience gender is not as import to consider as it was once thought to be. However, women do shop differently than men. Self-esteem is another factor in persuasion as people with low self-esteem are easier to persuade than those with a high self-esteem. (Education, 2011). Finally, the most important reason the communicator influences the audience with the message is that most people are easily influenced. The elaboration likelihood model explains that the audience will take a direct approach oran indirect approach to being persuaded. Those that take the direct approach are able and motivated to do so and it can be said that the message for them is more important. Whereas those that take the indirect approach are influenced more by the communicator’s characteristics. While in traditional persuasive communication, the communicator is more important. This characteristic holds true as well in the e-word of mouth persuasion. The expertise of the reviewer is also more important to the audience. It has been observed that people connect expertise to an internet setting being credible the same as they do in a traditional setting. In the e-word of mouth, it is important for the communicator and the audience to see a similarity between them. Because when an individual reviews a product they feel a connection with the communicator as they both are interested in the product and went through the same buying process. The actual message is also important in persuasion because if the communicator is positive the audience will usually be positive and be more likely to be persuaded to purchase the item. In addition, people are suspicious when the message is overly positive just as they are in a traditional setting. Because we are not able to see the communicator giving the message the sleeper effect is usually more prominent then the e-word of mouth persuasion. An important part of the e-word of mouth persuasion is the audience. The Chinese look for more information than do the Americans when it comes to e-word of mouth. Therefore, it is shown that culture and characteristics of the audience play a role in e-word of mouth as they do in traditional forms of persuasive communication. (Feenstra, 2011). Indeed, while the audience can just say no to the communicator, the communicator influences the audience with a message. The communicator’s goal is to change your mind, and most people are easily influenced.Social psychology helps us to identify different aspects of ourselves, and the environment in which we live and work. It gives us insight as to why people judge others, and how the power of persuasion affects an individual, group, or a nation. (Rhoads, 1997). References Changing Minds. (2011). Social Influence. Retrieved from Changing Minds.org: http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/social_influence.htm Erupting Mind Education. (2011). How To Persuade Different Types Of People. Retrieved from Erupting Mind Education: http://eruptingmind.com/how-to-persuade-different-types-of-people/ Feenstra, J. (2011). Introduction to social psychology. Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Rhoads, K. (1997). Introduction to Influence. Retrieved from Working Psychology: http://www.workingpsychology.com/intro.html

The Fifth Discipline by Peter Senge Essay -- Fifth Discipline Peter Se

The Fifth Discipline by Peter Senge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his book The Fifth Discipline, Peter Senge emphasizes his model of a "learning organization," which he defines as "an organization that is continually expanding its capacity to create its future." A learning organization excels at both adaptive learning and generative learning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Senge describes five disciplines that are necessary for a learning organization. "Learning organization" is a catchphrase covering the ideal of an organization built on vision, teamwork, openness, flexibility, ability to act under changing conditions, and so forth and so on. It is an organization where people don't just promote their limited region and privileges, but where they take risks and responsibilities for their shared future, working on creating maximum synergy and maximum ability to deal with the whole state of affairs. The five disciplines are: team learning, building shared vision, mental models, personal mastery, and systems thinking. Team learning is the proficiency of a group of people to halt their theories and assumptions and freely think together. That involves dialogue in the true meaning of the word, as a flow of meaning. It means going beyond personal defensiveness and presenting ideas openly, even when one is going out on a limb. Building shared vision means members of a group truly share their pictures of the future, if they are excited about what they are creating together, then they will act out of inner motivation an...

Texting And Driving Essay

I do support in the fact that texting a driving should be considered illegal, mainly for the soul purpose that many people die because of the distractions on the road that your phone can cause. â€Å"In the past three years alone, 30 states have banned texting while driving, the only state that has not done it yet is Oklahoma. † (Delcour 2) You see on the news that there are many teenagers now a days that get into car accident why? BECAUSE THEY WERE TEXTING AND DRIVING!â€Å"Last year, despite assurance by S. C.  lawmakers that a texting ban would be passed, obviously it died without coming up for a final vote. †(EDITORIAL 6) I know people who try to text and drive but we always remind them that there are other people in this care ad unless they want the guilt of their friends death due to their carelessness then that’s up to them. When I get behind the wheel of a car I turn my phone to silent and I don’t turn it back up until I that car is stopped and I get out of that car, I don’t sit there at a red light or a stop sign reading text messages or taking calls while I’m behind the wheel of a moving vehicle.It is unsafe to not only you but the people in your car, and the people outside of your car as well like other drivers, pedestrians, animals, etc. I think that if it were to become illegal then it should not only have one ticket for texting while driving but also another one for being stupid to put yourself and other in a dangerous risk of dying or getting seriously hurt. â€Å"Fifty-eight percent of those under 45 say texting while driving should be punished less severely than driving while intoxicated, while 65 percent of those over 45 say the severity of the punishment should be equal for both.† (CBS 6)I am still kind of a new driver myself but I do know how to stay safe on the road from anything that may distract me and end up causing a lot of damage. Dinosaurs have big bodies and small brains, when you st ep inside of a vehicle you now have a big body and a smaller brain. Don’t let that brain of yours end up making stupid decisions behind dangerous machinery like a car. Why do people text and drive? Because they think they can multitask, news flash no you can’t. You cannot pay attention to the road going 70 while talking to your friend at the same time because our minds were meant to comprehend only one thing at a time.Everyone says â€Å"oh I can multitask† and when they do they completely screw something up, just like driving if you don’t pay attention you will screw up bigger than falling off your bike and getting a skinned knee. If this was made illegal I am pretty sure that people wouldn’t obey it at first, but once they get into that accident due to that electronic distraction they will understand why it was made illegal. â€Å"Numerous recent studies document that using wireless communications, and specifically texting, is one of the most da ngerous distractions for a driver, under many circumstances have there been deadly consequences

Investigating the Effect ofTeeth Cleaning Agents on the...

Investigating the Effect of Different Teeth Cleaning Agents on the Growth of Bacteria On account of the price and variety of tooth cleaning agents available on the market, an investigation was conducted into the effect of different tooth cleaning agents containing different ingredients on the growth of teeth bacteria. The tooth cleaning agents tested were Colgate total antibacterial toothpaste with Triclosan (3 pence/ml), Boots non fluoride toothpaste (less than a penny/ml), Dental care baking soda toothpaste (2 pence/ml) and a twig from a natural toothbrush tree Salvadora persica commonly known as ‘Muswak’ (30 pence for two weeks supply, toothbrush not required as twig carries out the function of a toothbrush). Gingivitis (inflammation†¦show more content†¦It is inexpensive, customary and used for religious reasons as well.’ Additionally, Abu Hanifa mentions the use of muswak as being best for brushing teeth, for it makes speech more eloquent, frees the tongue, relieves the weakness that comes from disease, stimulates the appetite and clears the brain.5b As seen from above, the main visible active microbial agent in the chosen tooth-cleaning agents is Triclosan. Studies involving Triclosan include a six month study carried out by Bolden T et al on the clinical effect of a dentrifice containing Triclosan on plaque formation and gingivitis. This study noted that there was a 17% statistically significant reduction in plaque formation when using Triclosan.6a Thus with regard to data obtained from the above study the following hypothesis was formulated: Clinically proven antibacterial Colgate total toothpaste containing Triclosan will affect the growth of teeth bacteria the most by reducing it or stopping it completely as compared to the baking soda toothpaste, non fluoride toothpaste and the natural tooth cleaning product ‘muswak’. The percentage area covered of bacterial growth was used to measure and compare the activity of the tooth cleaning agents against teeth bacteria obtained by taking swabs directly from the mouth of a human volunteer. Five small wells were cut into a solidified agar plate at approximate