Exploration of Irony and Surprise Essay

Irony and surprise are common literary devices authors use to communicate their ideas when writing literary works. Irony allows the writer to suggest an interpretation that is different from the literal meaning of the words used in the text. The element of surprise allows the writer to manipulate the reader’s expectations and take them somewhere completely different. In the short stories, A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor and Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood, both authors use the element of irony and surprise to engage readers and to develop deeper levels of meaning in their text. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, O’connor uses several kinds of irony to communicate her message about the human condition. The foreshadowing of irony is established in the very beginning of the story when she gives us the reason for the grandmother getting dressed for the car ride. â€Å"In case of an accident anyone seeing the dead on the highway would know at once that she was lady. † The grandma is a character that is narrow-minded, ignorant, and critical of others but not of herself. She has the idea that the goodness of a person can be determined by their physical appearance and outward behavior. After the car crash,the Misfit makes an appearance and the grandmother recognizes the Misfit. His politeness, which is sincere but also done to put the family at ease, draws out the grandmother’s assessment of the Misfit: â€Å"Listen,† the grandmother almost screamed, â€Å"I know you’re a good man. You don’t look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must come from nice people! † At the beginning of the story, her opinion about the Misfit is quite the contrary but realizing the Misfit intends harm, she changes her opinion to save herself. The dramatic irony occurs towards the end of the story when the grandma who has been superficial till this point, is in her final moments alone with the Misfit and is able make sense of everything that has gone wrong in her life. She has an epiphany and feels sympathy for the Misfit as â€Å"one of [her] own children. † She is showing that she has found the ability to see others with compassion and kindness but this consciousness is immediately followed by three bullets to her chest. In Happy Ending by Margaret Atwood, we can trace the irony in the story’s title in relation to its content. In story A, we are given a perfect story of what an ideal marriage should be but the John and Mary still die and that is not a happy ending. Atwood challenges the reader to engage with all that happens in the middle because the journey is the interesting part In story A, John and Mary appear to be happy because they possess the ideal elements to a happy lifestyle: fabulous jobs, money, children, a large home, and personal luxuries. However, at the end of the story, they just die and the story comes to an end. As the stories progress, the characters’ lives become a bit more complicated, but they still always end up at story A, and they die in the end. At the end. By the end, all one can say is the fact of what has happened, not the â€Å"how† or the â€Å"why† of the situation. In story A, how do all these things make the couple happy. Why? They’re really not happy at all and have no actual story to tell. A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor and Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood, both authors use the element of surprise to manipulate the reader’s expectation. In A Good Man Is Hard to Find, the contribution of surprise can be traced in the plot line. The story strings the reader along in believing it is about a comedic family vacation with funny situations that happen along the way. We reach a turning point when the family car crashes and encounters the Misfit, everyone dies of a tragic death that is caused by the grandma. In Happy Endings ,the title misleads the reader in assuming the story would have a happy ending but in fact every ending leads to death. A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor and Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood, both authors use irony to reveal the less obvious truths about the human condition. Both authors use the element of surprise is use to take the readers down an unexpected path. Both of the short stories integrate the elements of irony and surprise seamlessly in their works. I personally enjoyed reading and analyzing A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flanney O’Connor more than the other one because it is a higher quality story with a richer plot line and character development. The story is crafted beautifully.

Applying Ethics to End of Life Care Essay

Applying Ethics to End of Life Care can be a difficult task for those involved in making the decisions pertaining to active and passive euthanasia, as well as palliative care when it comes to themselves or loved ones. According to The Last Chapter-End of life decisions â€Å"there often comes a time that advances in medicine are no longer your friend, they become the enemy† (West Virginia Public Broadcasting, 2010, Dec. 28). Euthanasia, or right to death; according to Mosser (2014), â€Å"the argument for euthanasia is straightforward: A person who is virtually certain to die within a given amount of time and is experiencing or will experience a lot of pain before he or she dies should be able to choose an earlier, less painful death. What purpose is served by keeping a person alive only to experience constant, agonizing pain?† (sec. 6.3, para. 32). The answer to the question would seem rather obvious depending on your point of view. According to Palliummja (2011, March 19) Dr. Balfour Mount stated â€Å"People do not have to die with pain†, and Kass (1989) states â€Å"Each person has a right to control his or her body and his or her life, including the end of it† (pg. 27, para. 1). Within this paper is a look at three different ethical points of view. The topic of End of Life Care will be explored through the perspective of the utilitarian, the deontologist, as well as the relativists. Each one of these theories have their own take on what is considered morally right and morally wrong. Although each of these theories have their benefits and cons, it is this researcher’s belief that the relativist’s point of view would be the best ethical theory to apply when dealing with End of Life Care issues because it is left up to the individuals own moral standards of what they perceive to be the morally right or wrong thing to do. We will first take a look through the eyes of the relativist. According to Mosser (2014), â€Å"we should recognize that there are no universal or general ethical standards; that a person’s ethical view is relative to his or her culture, society, tradition, religion, worldview, and even individual values. Because moral claims are said to be relative to something else†, he continues with â€Å"Even though philosophers distinguish between different kinds of relativism, we will generally use the term to mean that any ethical claim is relative to a set of beliefs and that any such ethical claim is true, or consistent with, that set of beliefs† (sec 6.2, para. 14). It is the individual aspect of relativism that I would like to focus on as the best way to tackle ethical questions pertaining to end of life care. This leaves the decision solely up to what the individual believes is the right thing to do, based on his or her own personal beliefs. If it is considered ok by that individual to go ahead and end their life, through active or passive euthanasia so they do not suffer more pain than what is necessary, then that is what the morally right thing to do would be. The relativist simply says that the practice a given culture/individual adopts as correct determines what should be done (Mosser, K., 2014). The second ethical view that we will be looking at is the deontological theory. According to Mosser, K. (2014) â€Å"deontological ethics focuses on the will of the person acting, the person’s intention in carrying out the act, and particularly, the rule according to which the act is carried out. Deontology focuses on the duties and obligations one has in carrying out actions rather than on the consequences of those actions† (sec. 6.1). In short the deontologists is not concerned with consequences, but rather what it is the law of the land says is right or wrong. This means that even if a patient was certain to experience excruciating pain and suffering, and was certain to die in a matter of days, euthanasia would still not be permissible because the law states that killing is the wrong thing to do. This would present a problem for a patient who is wanting to end their life early because the physician would be bound by law not to perform such acts because to kill a pers on is against the law. The doctor patient confidentiality aspect cannot be applied in this case. The good thing about the deontological view is that it keeps doctors in check by not allowing a  doctor to end a life just because they no longer wish to treat an individual. Kass gives an example of this by stating â€Å"Even the most humane and conscientious physician psychologically needs protection against himself and his weaknesses† (pg. 35, para 3). Meaning that the law is set in place so that a doctor does not make killing a therapeutic option. But even though this is a check so to say for the doctor, this cannot be the ethical theory best to satisfy ones individual need or want for an earlier termination of life, if in fact that is what they choose to want happen. The utilitarian in this situation would ask that we take a look at the consequences of such an act as euthanasia, taking into consideration as to what is the best outcome for the most amount of people. According to Mosser, K. (2014) â€Å"When given a choice between two acts, utilitarianism states that the act that should be chosen is the one that creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people† (section 6.1). This has its strong and weak points as well. The strong point in this is that it takes a look at every aspect of the situation, analyzing the benefits and cons to either end a life or keeping an individual alive. The problem with this view lies with, who is it that benefits the most, is it the patient and patients family who benefits more, or is it the hospital or physician who benefits more. A point made in the video End of Life Care Dilemma: Who gets booted from ICU stated that hospitals tend to â€Å"bounce from the emergency room the perso n who you know is going to die soon† (ForaTv. 2010, April 14). The reason for this is the amount of money made by keeping ICU beds full. It could cost up to two million dollars to keep an individual alive for two years. In the view of the video provided it would be more cost efficient to end a life and use the two million dollars to pay for school lunches for school children prolonging life for 500 years rather than the two years for the one individual (ForaTv. 2010, April 14). So the question remains, who is it that benefits more? It would seem as if the hospital would benefit more by ending a life because it opens up a new bed for the next individual. When it comes to end of life care and utilitarianism there is no sure way to know that ending a life would be benefitting the right individuals. In conclusion, it is this researcher’s belief that the best ethical point of  view to use when dealing with end of life care would be the relativist ethical theory. This theory allows an individual to make the decision based on what it is that they feel is the right option to do. There is no outside influence as to what a person should do when you are able to make the decision based off of your own moral beliefs. As stated above by Kass, â€Å"Each person has a right to control his or her body and his or her life, including the end of it† (pg. 27, para. 1). This right is taken away once you put forth a deontological or utilitarian point of view. The individual no longer has a say in what it is to be done with their life. Many would opt for a less painful death, in fact this researcher would opt for a less painful death knowing that I may spend the rest of my life in agonizing pain, or deteriorating. Even if it was the patients wish to die peacefully before suffering the agonizing effects of the disease, there is nothing that the doctor can do to assist with these wishes, because the law of the land prohibits murder, and since active euthanasia would be causing the death of an individual with the intent to cause the death, this would be classified as murder, this is why the deontological approach cannot work in terms of end of life care. It removes the individual’s wishes as to what they want to have happen, and replaces it with what society believes should happen. The utilitarian point of view is also one that removes the individual wants or needs from the end of life care factor. It brings in the benefits of others that may out weight the benefits of the individual. It is these reasons presented within this paper that this researcher believes that although each of these theories have their benefits and cons, it is the relativist’s point of view would be the best e thical theory to apply when dealing with End of Life Care issues because it is left up to the individuals own moral standards of what they perceive to be the morally right or wrong thing to do, and there is no other influence on what should be done with one’s own life. References ForaTv. (2009, Sep. 24). End-of-life care dilemma: Who gets booted from the ICU? [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XpAYPgjMYg Kass, L. R. (1989). Neither for love nor money: Why doctors must not kill. Public Interest, 94, 25-46. Retrieved from the ProQuest database. Mosser, K. (2013). Understanding philosophy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Palliummja. (2011, March 19). Dying for care – quality palliative & end of life care in Canada (English subtitles/captions) [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=Q6mUbIjKEEI West Virginia Public Broadcasting. (2010, Dec. 28). The last chapter – end of life decisions [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jKUZ8lS9b4

Chessington History Essay

Chessington Zoo was opened in July 1931 as a private venture by Reginald Goddard who invited the public to view his private animal collection. After the War Chessington soon became known for the different types of entertainment it could offer:- a circus, a funfair and a miniature railway as well as the zoo. Despite this in the early 1970’s the attendance figures of over 800,000 began to decline. The Zoo was in need of further investment. In 1978 the Pearson Group bought Chessington and when they later bought Madame Tussauds, they put all their leisure interests together to form the Tussauds Group. 1981 saw the beginning of the planning for the transformation of Chessington. Six years and i 12m later the Park was ready. It was opened in July 1987 by H. R. H. Prince Edward. The opening coincided with the opening of the M25 which gives easy access to the Park from various parts of the country. Approximately 18m people live within a 2 hour drive of the Park. On 19th October 1998 it was announced that Pearson had sold the Tussauds Group to Charterhouse Development Capital for i 352m. The Tussaud’s Group Vision and Mission Vision: â€Å"Entertaining People†. Mission: To deliver real growth in profits to take Europe’s leading entertainment world-wide†. The Marketing Department are a small team who work across both Chessington World of Adventures and Thorpe Park. It is the overall responsibility of the Marketing department to ensure that the brand identities of the two Parks are maintained in all communication both on and off the Parks. They do this through first identifying the brand identity, target market, and visual representation of the brand, i. e. the logo. For Chessington the target market is families with children under 12. Each year the marketing department will put together a marketing plan that covers the following areas: Product. Although almost without exception a new attraction is launched each year, and the main launch communication will focus on that, general communication about the rest of the Park is required. Theme Parks provide a whole day out for the family and it’s not just about the rides. The other attractions, places to eat, games, photography, the atmosphere, all play an important part in delivering a great day out. Pricing. There is a complex pricing structure for the Park which looks to maximise the revenue the Park can achieve with it’s targeted number of visitors. Marketing will review the pricing each year and along with the finance department look at how the budgeted targets can be achieved through the pricing matrix. Advanced sales are important to the business and for this reason tickets booked in advance are discounted, also those booked via the Internet are further discounted as this is a more efficient way for us to produce the tickets. Advanced tickets reduce the queues at admissions as visitors already have their tickets and can go straight in to the Park. Promotion. Promotion of the Park happens via a number of different communication channels. Advertising. This is generally broken down into two areas, the creative production of the advert and then the choice of where to place that advert, TV, Radio, Press etc. For the year 2002 communication for Chessington will focus on the new attraction, Hocus Pocus Hall. The main creative idea is all based around ‘The New Adventure Starts Here’. This new creative idea will be adapted for use on TV, Radio, Press and in Children’s comics, ie The Beano. Promotions. Promotions are very import in incentivising visitors to come to the Park. The incentive is generally either a Buy One get One Free mechanic or a discount off the full adult or child price. Chessington ran promotions on it’s own or in conjunction with the Tussauds Group, ie Tesco. Promotions can be run with a wide variety of partners, Esso, News of the World, KP Skips or solus via a direct mail campaign to surrounding homes. Public Relations. This area is all about getting positive exposure in the media, TV, Radio and Press. This is generally achieved through issuing Press Releases and conducting interviews with journalists. Measuring the Success. Throughout the year, how the Park is doing against its financial targets is constantly reviewed, but in addition Marketing conducts ongoing research into how the Park is performing on a daily basis. Questionnaires are handed out to visitors as they leave asking them to rank the rides’ experiences, eating places, how friendly and helpful the staff were, etc. This provides information on where things may be going wrong and how to put them right. New Media is a crucial area for involvement now and in the future. In addition to maintaining it’s own site: www. chessington. com, the Marketing department looks to exploit other opportunities for advertising, promotions and PR on other sites. Use of agencies. Chessington uses a wide variety of agencies as they bring different areas of expertise and experiences to the department. We use an advertising agency to create the TV, Radio adverts etc. and also for all the design work for the Gate Map. The space for the TV, Radio slots etc  is purchased by a Media Buying agency. We also use a Sales Promotion agency, PR agency and Internet design agencies. Corporate Hospitality makes it possible for businesses to entertain their guests at Chessington World of Adventures. Up to 3 000 corporate guests can be catered for at any one time. Education. An establishment like Chessington World of Adventures offers the opportunity for students studying the leisure industry, business or animals to visit the Park and find out more about their subject. For this reason, it is possible for groups to incorporate an educational talk into their visit. The Zoo enables guests to learn about the wildlife at Chessington World of Adventures. The Marketing Department ensure that the signage for the animals and around the Park are of a high quality and accessible by all the guests. Most often asked marketing questions Q Is the price of a new attraction affected by the viability of the ride? A Careful research is undertaken before a new attraction is bought. The attraction may be put in place to address a gap in guest numbers for a particular age range. The new attraction will encourage that element to visit the Park and therefore increase guest satisfaction.

Production and Operations Management in Williamsons Joinery Essay

Production and Operations Management in Williamsons Joinery - Essay Example The company always focused on the high quality of the products that they offered to the customer and also had high focus on the craftsmanship that was been used over the products where of unique designs and also made very carefully. The company faced a lot of problems related to the inventory management and storage of items as the space in the company got occupied by huge storage of goods as a result the company was incurring huge loss. Though because of the high sales of the custom furniture’s the company was able to make up its cost but slowly the operational cost increased to a great value and it started affecting the company’s performance in many ways like by increasing the lead times, reducing the capacity, increasing the overall cost, storage issues etc. This report covers the overall performance of the company in the way it produces its goods including its operational process and layouts, identification of the problems that the company is facing and the specifica tions of those problems by going into the root cause of the problem and also the impact of these problems over the day-to-day operation of the company. All these are been analysed using various concepts of production and operation management to understand the effect of wrong management and the problems that the happen causing a huge impact on the whole operation of the company. According to Tompkins and White in 2003 the impact of the material flow does have an effect from the way the layout s been designed, while Chhajed, Montreuil in 1992 exclaimed that the complexity of the layout design affects in the production process in a huge way. In 1997, Heragu explained that the layouts in the company are generally made based on the flow of the materials between the various facilities in the company. It is been decided based on the space available for each facility.

Qualitative research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualitative research paper - Essay Example important with respect to the African countries where the population living below the poverty line is more than fifty percent of the total population. The lacks of opportunity for strengthening the financial condition of the individuals have multiple implications on the social lives of individuals. The FDI helps in the inflow of money in the economic cycle resulting in the acceleration of the economic growth as well employment opportunities. The literature review section of the study covered various theories and models of FDI and growth of an economy. The determinants of FDI like cross border investment issues, collaborative ventures and various important issues to understand the determinants of FDI was discussed in the first section followed by the Growth Empirical Modeling where the Growth empirical approach, the Intertemporal Optimization approach and the Panel Data Analysis approach has been studied. The gaps of the models have been identified and argued in this section and the conceptual framework of the study is prepared. The main section of the paper is the chapter following Literature review. The factors determining FDI flows to Africa and threshold issues for the foreign investors have been studied here. The approaches identified for the determinants of FDI has been aggregate econometric analysis, survey appraisal of foreign investors’ opinion and econometric study at the industry level of the study. The study has been based on the Aggregate Econometric Approach. According to this approach the basic determinants of the inflow of FDI in a particular country or a region are dependent factors of the size and growth of market and openness of the country at the primary level and various other factors like host country investment environment, factor endowments, infrastructure and technology and country risk at the secondary level. The research methodology studies the variations in long-run rates of the economic growth across the countries by Levine and

Arbitration Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Arbitration Law - Essay Example With the rapid strides made by the world financial and business communities, it has become imperative for businesses to have a proven method of resolving business disputes promptly, expeditiously and constructively. When businesses grow and expand it is natural that disputes will arise. In wake of this, parties often favor a private and informal settlement of disputes, in a businesslike fashion that enable them to further their business interests without strangling their business relationship. It is for such occasions that arbitration is designed—for prompt, pragmatic and efficient resolution of disputes. Arbitration is essentially a process of dispute resolution inspired by ones free will where a neutral third party renders a final and binding decision after the concerned sides have presented their views. This method is particularly useful in international business transactions where parties are often unfamiliar with foreign legal systems. The parties may reside in a number o f different geographic locations, each subject to quite different laws and legal systems. Matters get much more complicated if their transactions involve activities in other jurisdictions, where they otherwise have no presence or familiarity. With stark deviations from a judicial procedure, arbitration is conducted outside the court system by disinterested arbitrators selected by the concerned parties based on the criteria that best suit the nature of the contract.

The nurse as a professional (mental health) Essay - 1

The nurse as a professional (mental health) - Essay Example Mental health nursing is a profession that focuses on providing treatment, caring, and strong support to patients who are experiencing severe mental, emotional, and psychological problems. In relation to mental health nursing, this report will focus on discussing the role and responsibilities of mental health nurses who are taking care of a mentally ill patient who could no longer decide for his own preferred care and treatment. In line with this, important factors that could guide the mental health nurses improve the quality of caring they deliver to their patients will be identified and tackled in relation to nursing ethics. Based on the gathered information, a list of recommendations together with the rationale behind each of the recommended solutions will be provided at the end of this report. Role and Responsibilities of Mental Health Nurses In general, the role and responsibilities of mental health nurses is very broad. ... gic ways on how a mental health nurse could deliver an effective patient care treatment will be tackled based on the nurse’s role as a therapist and counsellor, educator, assessor, reflector, manager, supervisor, researcher, and a clinician. Therapist and Counsellor Even though a mentally ill patient could no longer decide for his own preferred care and treatment, mental health nurses should always have in mind that the patient at this point can be very sensitive and emotional. Although the patient is not capable of communicating his preferred care and treatment, mental health nurses should still treat the patient with respect. To prevent the patient from experiencing high levels of anxiety and depression, mental health nurses should act as therapist and counsellor in order to give them a â€Å"sense of hope† and a reason to live (O'Neill, Moore, & Ryan, 2008). At this point, the patient may be limited in expressing his thoughts and feelings verbally but it is still pos sible for the patient to hear what the nurse is trying to communicate to them. Therefore, taking time to communicate with the patients could make the nurse develop a long-term nurse-patient relationship. In general, having a competitive social skills is required to enable mental health nurses established a good working relationship with patient. To establish a therapeutic relationship with the patients, mental health nurses should first establish and develop trust with the patients (Forster, 2001, pp. 65 – 66). Right after establishing the patient’s trust, mental health nurses should provide client-centered counselling each time this kind of caring intervention is necessary (Foster, 2001, p. 72). Since mental health nurses should provide holistic caring to the patients who are mentally ill, nurses

Andrew Jackson and John Marshall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andrew Jackson and John Marshall - Essay Example chief justice whose opinions assisted in laying the U.S. constitution. Marshall as chief justice, did not rely in any way on other people’s opinion, but believed that the law should guide his ruling. He steered his justices and only one time did he appear on the losing side in a case involving the constitution. He had set his own standards of constitution interpretation. In the Marbury v. Madison case, Marshall was of the opinion that the case violated the constitution by trying to expand the original and existing jurisdiction of the highest court. In this case, Marshall ruled it unconstitutional. This case made the Marshall proclaim the doctrine of review of the judiciary. In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, which involved balancing of powers between the states and the federal government, Marshall ruled on federal supremacy. Marshall was of the opinion that states were not liable of taxing federal institutions. He prevented the states from establishing laws that would violate the federal law. Marshall upheld the congressional authority in cre ating a second bank of U.S, though the powers to govern this were not stated in the constitution expressly. In Worcester v. Georgia, a Georgia statute prohibited those who were not Indians from being present on Indian lands without having a license of doing so from the state. In this case, Marshall ruled it unconstitutional under the ground that the federal government had exclusive authority in dealing with such matters. It is believed that, in this ruling, Andrew Jackson was not happy about the ruling of Marshall and looked forward to seeing whether the ruling would be implemented, but it was at the very end and Worcester was freed. Andrew Jackson is seen as one of the presidents who did not protect, preserve or defended the constitution. During his swearing in, he said the words, but did not seem to follow them as required. During the Worcester v. Georgia case, Marshall had ruled that the federal law

Accounting i a subjective subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting i a subjective subject - Essay Example A theory'Ã'• Ã'•ucceÃ'•Ã'• aÃ'• a theory dependÃ'• on itÃ'• value to uÃ'•erÃ'• in explaining and predicting eventÃ'•.AÃ'• of now there iÃ'• not one theory in accounting that can be called "The Accounting Theory," aÃ'• no one theory can currently explain and/or Ã'•ucceÃ'•Ã'•fully predict all accounting phenomena. However, the paper doeÃ'• take into account the potential value of the poÃ'•itive theory of accounting and itÃ'• limitationÃ'•. Finally, the paper attemptÃ'• to aÃ'•Ã'•eÃ'•Ã'• the need for an accounting theory and to determine whether we need one.If it iÃ'• to be comprehenÃ'•ible and reliable, accounting muÃ'•t be uÃ'•ed in accordance with Ã'•pecific ruleÃ'• and regulationÃ'•. It would be chaoÃ'• of Babylonian proportionÃ'• if each perÃ'•on uÃ'•ed hiÃ'• own grammar and vocabulary - nobody would underÃ'•tand anybody elÃ'•e. LikewiÃ'•e, it iÃ'• eÃ'•Ã'•ential that accounting iÃ'• uÃ'•ed acc ording to generally accepted ruleÃ'•. (ThomaÃ'• , 2003, 10)The hiÃ'•tory of accounting iÃ'• aÃ'• old aÃ'• civilization, key to important phaÃ'•eÃ'• of hiÃ'•tory, among the moÃ'•t important profeÃ'•Ã'•ionÃ'• in economicÃ'• and buÃ'•ineÃ'•Ã'•, and faÃ'•cinating. AccountantÃ'• participated in the development of citieÃ'•, trade, and the conceptÃ'• of wealth and numberÃ'•. AccountantÃ'• invented writing, participated in the development of money and banking, invented double entry bookkeeping that fueled the Italian RenaiÃ'•Ã'•ance, Ã'•aved many InduÃ'•trial Revolution inventorÃ'• and entrepreneurÃ'• from bankruptcy, helped develop the confidence in capital marketÃ'• neceÃ'•Ã'•ary for weÃ'•tern capitaliÃ'•m, and are central to the information revolution... Big buine required capital market that depended on accurate and ueful information. Thi wa upplied by the expanding accounting profeion. Today, a global real-time integrated information ytem i a near reality, uggeting new accounting paradigm. Undertanding hitory i needed to develop the linkage to predict thi future. The firt prerequiite i that accounting hould agree or conform with the baic truth according to which our economic ytem function; the current economic and buine practice and the applicable law a embodied in legilative regulation or common law. Conequently, it i important that uniformity i maintained in accounting practice; in other word, a pecific et of circumtance, wherever it may be encountered mut be dealt with by everyone in exactly the ame way within the accounting proce. Accounting theory create a framework that enure that accounting practice complie with the requirement of conformity and uniformity. Thi theory i embodied in a et of principle, policie, method, procedure and convention. The continuouly increaing cope and complexity of our economic ytem require a correponding proce of adaptation in accounting in order that the relevant information regarding economic activitie may be recorded. It i eential that everyone involved in accounting hould undertand thi proce of adaptation; moreover, a prerequiite for uch undertanding i a grap of not only the theory of accounting, but alo the tructure of that theory. (Thoma , 2003, 10) Accounting theory i baed on a et of baic economic truth that are of a dual nature. Firt, accounting theory i baed on propoition generally accepted in the economic order of a particular ociety. For example, conider the

The Perfect Husband Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Perfect Husband - Essay Example As I mature, I realized that perfection can be seen on how a husband is someone who understands and provides a woman's needs and how he keeps his marital commitment, how displays sacrificial leadership. A woman and a man have different needs which should be met by their lifetime partners. A perfect husband should be able to differentiate from his needs and his wife's needs and respond to them. For example, it is stressed that while a man's primary motivation for marriage is sexual fulfillment, a woman constantly longs for his husband's affection and love. Thus, a husband should always show his love to the wife by doing small things like sending her love notes, cooking for her, hugging her a lot, and telling her how much she means to him. A perfect husband is someone who will never think twice of giving up his machismo and show his soft side in order to satisfy his wife. He will also go the extra mile in order to show his constant love and affection. Secondly, a husband should have a strong marital commitment. It is irrefutable that most men detest commitment and dedication but a perfect husband is someone who reaches the maturity of being accountable and responsible for his actions. Since he allowed himself to be bound by a lifetime commitment, he will make sure that he stays faithful to his wife. When the going gets tough, he stays with the wife and remains devoted to her. The husband is often regarded as a head of the family even in this more

Christmas tree Essay Example for Free

Christmas tree Essay Art is an object or piece of work that brings one pleasure. Art is also something you see or feel and you cannot even begin to describe the ways you like it or how it makes you feel. Art is something that portrays beauty and happiness. Art lets you see the world through another person’s perspective. Most art seems to tell a story about where a person has been and the things they have encountered along the way. It lets you connect with the artist and see things through their eyes. Art is a way of expressing one’s self without words. When I think of art, I think of paintings, portraits, sketches, and sculptures. I know there are many other forms of art, but my favorite form is painting. I normally respond first to the mood of the art and the idea it brings to mind. I like art that makes me feel happy. Second I would say I respond to the colors in the art. I like warm and soothing colors. I prefer scenery in art work. I like paintings of autumn, filled with warm oranges and yellows in the trees, country roads covered with fallen leaves. Those kinds of paintings make me feel warm and happy. One of my favorite autumn scenes is by Robert A Tino, a local artist in Sevierville, TN. It is called Autumn Psalm. It is a small country church setting just off of a country road lined with trees. The trees in the painting are almost bare, and the beautiful autumn leaves are scattered on the ground. This painting gives me a sense of peace and happiness. The content of art is not quite as important to me as the way it makes me feel. I love works of art that portray a place that I have been or know. It is nice to see something you are familiar with from another person’s perspective. For instance, Harrisburg Holiday, another great work of art by Robert A Tino. It is a painting of a covered bridge that I am very familiar with, but he has painted it as he saw it in 1975. It is a beautiful winter scene. He paints the roads covered with snow and an old red Chevy truck hauling a Christmas tree. The scene has two snowmen at the entrance to the covered bridge. It fills your heart with warmth and holiday spirit just to look at it. Portraits to me are art in a different sense. Some of my favorite portraits are by Martin Waugh. It is what he calls Liquid Sculpture. He uses high speed photography to capture drops of liquid as the splash into lakes and other bodies of water. To me there is just something so soothing about his work. It is amazing how a tiny drop of liquid can create such a beautiful work of art. His work impresses me, because I never really thought of liquid as art before I saw one of his photos. The formal qualities of art work are somewhat important. I like paintings that flow smoothly with very fine brush strokes. I think some of the most beautiful art work is produced with a combination of canvas and oil paints. I like portraits that capture images I normally could not see otherwise. Portraits that capture the colors you can see when light reflects on a ripple of water amaze me. I do not know a great deal about art, but art seems to be much more opinion than fact.

GM Food Essay Example for Free

GM Food Essay You are required to write an article titled GM Food on the basis of websites and sofewares. In the article, you are expected to present the points as follows: the definition of GM food, the possible prospects and problems, your attitude towards GM food. The article should be no less than 500 words. Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering, using a process of either Cisgenesis or Transgenesis. GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. Typically, genetically modified foods are transgenic plant products: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture awarded the safety cerfiticate to two kinds of transgenic rice, and this triggered a large-scale discussion. Many people oppose it and refuse to eat GM foods. They objected to GM foods on several grounds such as: †¢ GMF’s have not been a success, there is no test in human being. The GM foods maybe change human gene in future. †¢ Genetically modified crops will affect other plants around them and change other species, then more and more species will vary or disappear. †¢ GM foods have the advantage in both price and output, so traditional farmers will lose the market. Then few companies who have transgene proprietary technology will control food market. On the contrary, many proponents of GM foods have other opinions: †¢ People eat GM foods, then the foods are analysed and assimilated like normal foods, there is no theory to support that GM foods will change human being’s gene. †¢ There is a food supply issue in the developing world, in order to meeting the demand for food and confronting the climate change we need to increase use of GM crops. †¢ The GM crops use less pesticide, It is more safty than normal crops. Actually, more and more GM foods appear in our lives. When you have dinner in the restaurant, maybe you eat the GM oil, GM corn and GM rice, but you just don’t know. Genetically modified food is science brings us the product, now of cultivated land area of less, genetically modified food will play more and more important role, if the use of transgenic technology can solve the world food shortage problem, it is not quite good? Genetically modified food in the world now is a kind of new things, new things, people need time to promote its accept also need some time, we cannot put new things in the cradle, a stick to it from the beginning, that cannot be eaten of genetically modified food. You think we dont of hybrid rice is a genetically modified food? But we can open it from? And if they can pass the soybeans genetically modified technique using atmospheric nitrogen inside his produces fertilizers to other crops gene transfer in the mankind, it is. Everything is both sides, especially technology, science and technology is a double-edged sword? Genetically modified food has its disadvantages, like some worry, because it will not change, will destroy genetic evolution, etc. Genetically modified food and nutrition inside it isnt like that, the propaganda of people worry is understandable, after accepting a new things take time. But we also should see the benefits of them, I think as time slowly past, genetically modified foods will be accepted by people.

Big Data in Cloud Computing Issues

Big Data in Cloud Computing Issues Abstract- The term big data or enormous information emerged under the touchy increment of worldwide information as an innovation that can store and handle enormous and fluctuated volumes of information, giving both endeavors and science with profound bits of knowledge over its customers/tests. Cloud computing gives a solid, blame tolerant, accessible and versatile condition to harbor Big data distributed management systems. Inside this paper, we introduce a overview of both innovations and instances of progress when coordinating big data and cloud structures. Albeit big data takes care of quite a bit of our present issues despite everything it exhibits a few crevices and issues that raise concern and need change. Security, privacy, scalability, data heterogeneity, disaster recovery systems, and different difficulties are yet to be tended to. Other concerns are identified with Cloud computing and its capacity to manage exabytes of data or address exaflop figuring proficiently. This pa per presents a diagram of both cloud and big data innovations portraying the present issues with these advances. Introduction As of late, there has been an expanding demand to store and process an ever increasing number of information, in areas, for example, finance, science, and government. Systems that bolster big data, and host them utilizing cloud computing, have been created and utilized effectively. Though big data is in charge of storing and handling information, cloud gives a dependable, fault tolerant, accessible and versatile environment so that big data system can perform (Hashem et al., 2014). Big data, and specifically big data analytics, are seen by both business and scientific ranges as a way to correspond information, discover designs and foresee new patterns. Therefore, there is a colossal enthusiasm for utilizing these two advances, as they can furnish organizations with an upper hand, and science with approaches to total and compress data from analyses such as those performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). To have the capacity to satisfy the present necessities, enormous data systems must be accessible, fault tolerant, adaptable whats more, versatile. In this paper, we depict both cloud computing and big data systems, concentrating on the issues yet to be tended to. We especially examine security concerns while contracting a big data seller: Data privacy, data administration, and data heterogeneity; disaster recovery strategies; cloud data transferring techniques; and how cloud computing speed and versatility represents a issue with respect to exaflop processing. In spite of a few issues yet to be improved, we show how cloud computing and big data can function admirably together. Our commitments to the present state of art is done by giving an outline over the issues to enhance or still cant seem to be tended to in both technologies or innovations. Storing and processing huge volumes of data requires scalability, adaptation to internal failure and accessibility. Cloud computing conveys all these through hardware virtualization. Accordingly, big data and distributed computing are two perfect ideas as cloud empowers big data to be accessible, versatile and fault tolerant. Business view big data as a profitable business opportunity. Thusly, a few new organizations, for example, Cloudera, Hortonworks, Teradata and numerous others, have begun to concentrate on conveying Big Data as a Benefit (BDaaS) or DataBase as a Service (DBaaS). Organizations, for example, Google, IBM, Amazon and Microsoft additionally give approaches to customers to devour big data on request. BIG DATA ISSUES Albeit big data tackles numerous present issues with respect to volumes of information, it is an always changing range that is dependably being developed and that still represents a few issues. In this area, we show a portion of the issues not yet tended to by big data and distributed computing. Security Enterprises that are wanting to work with a cloud supplier ought to know and ask the accompanying questions: a) Who is the genuine proprietor of the data and who has access to it? The cloud suppliers customers pay for an administration and transfer their data onto the cloud. Be that as it may, to which one of the two partners does information truly have a place? In addition, can the supplier utilize the customers information? What level of get to needs to it whats more, with what purposes can utilize it? Can the cloud supplier advantage from that information? In fact, IT groups responsible of keeping up the customers information must have admittance to data clusters. In this way, it is in the customers ideal enthusiasm to concede limited access to information to limit information get to and ensure that as it were authoriz. b) Where is the data? Sensitive data that is viewed as legitimate in one nation might be illicit in another nation, in this way, for the customer, there ought to be an agreement upon the location of data, as its data might be viewed as illicit in a few nations furthermore, prompt to arraignment. The issues to these inquiries are based upon agreement (Service Level Agreements SLAs), however, these must be painstakingly checked with a specific end goal to completely comprehend the parts of every partner and what arrangements do the SLAs cover and not cover concerning the associations data. Privacy The reaping of data and the utilization of analytical tool to mine data raises a few privacy concerns. Guaranteeing data security and ensuring protection has turned out to be greatly troublesome as data is spread and duplicated the world over. Privacy and data assurance laws are started on singular control over information and on standards for example, data and reason minimization and restriction. All things considered, it is uncertain that limiting information gathering is dependably a handy approach to protection. These days, the security approaches when handling exercises appear to be founded on client assent whats more, on the information that people intentionally give. Privacy is without a doubt an issue that needs further change as frameworks store tremendous amounts of individual information consistently. Heterogeneity Huge information concerns enormous volumes of data additionally distinctive speeds (i.e., data comes at various rates contingent upon its source yield rate and network latency) and extraordinary assortment. Data comes to big data DBMS at various speeds and configurations from different sources. This is since various information gatherers lean toward their possess schemata or conventions for data recording, and the nature of various applications additionally result in assorted data portrayals. Managing such a wide assortment of data and distinctive speed rates is a hard undertaking that Big Data systems must deal with. This undertaking is aggravated by the way that new types of files are always being made with no sort of standardization. However, giving a consistent and general approach to speak to and investigate complex and developing connections from this information still represents a challenge. Disaster Recovery Data is an exceptionally valuable business and losing information will absolutely bring about losing value. In case of occurrence of crisis or perilous mishaps, for example, earthquake, surges and fire, data misfortunes should be negligible. To satisfy this prerequisite, in the event of any episode, information must be rapidly accessible with negligible downtime and loss. As the loss of information will conceivably bring about the loss of money, it is vital to have the capacity to react proficiently to risky occurrences. Effectively conveying huge information DBMSs in the cloud and keeping it generally accessible and fault tolerant may unequivocally rely on upon disaster recovery mechanisms. Other Problems a) Transferringdata onto a cloud is a moderate process and organizations frequently decide to physically send hard drives to the data centres so data can be transferred. In any case, this is neither the most functional nor the most secure answer for transfer data onto the cloud. Through the years has been an exertion to enhance and make proficient data transferring calculations to limit transfer times and give a secure approach to exchange data onto the cloud, be that as it may, this process sill a big bottleneck. b) Exaflop computing is one of todays issues that is subject of numerous discussions. Todays supercomputers and cloud can manage petabyte data sets, however, managing exabyte size datasets still raises loads of worries, since high performance and high transmission capacity is required to exchange and process such gigantic volumes of data over the network. Cloud computing may not be the appropriate response, as it is accepted to be slower than supercomputers since it is limited by the existent data transmission and latency. High performance computers (HPC) are the most encouraging arrangements, however the yearly cost of such a PC is colossal. Besides, there are a few issues in outlining exaflop HPCs, particularly with respect to productive power utilization. Here, arrangements have a tendency to be more GPU based rather than CPU based. There are likewise issues identified with the high level of parallelism required among hundred a large number of CPUs. Examining Exabyte datasets requ ires the change of big data and investigation which postures another issue yet to determine. c) Scalability and elasticity in cloud computingspecifically with respect to big data management systems is a subject that needs additionally investigate as the present systems barely handle data peaks automatically. More often than not, scalability is activated physically instead of automatically and the cutting edge of programmed scalable systems demonstrates that most calculations are receptive or proactive and often investigate scalability from the point of view of better execution. Be that as it may, an appropriate scalable system would permit both manual and automatic receptive and proactive scalability in light of a few measurements, for example, security, workload rebalance (i.e.: the need to rebalance workload) and redundancy (which would empower adaptation to internal failure and accessibility). Additionally, current data rebalance algorithms are in light of histogram building and load equalization . The last mentioned guarantees an even load circulation to every server. In any case, building histograms from each servers heap is time and asset costly and additionally research is being directed on this field to enhance these algorithms. CONCLUSIONS With data expanding on an every day base, big data systems and specifically, analytics devices, have gotten to be a noteworthy drive of advancement that gives an approach to store, handle and get data over petabyte datasets. Cloud environment firmly use big data solutions by giving fault tolerant, scalable whats more, accessible conditions to big data systems. Albeit big data systems are powerful systems that empower both ventures and science to get bits of knowledge over information, there are a few worries that need further examination. Extra exertion must be employed in creating security instruments and standardizing data types. Another significant component of Big Data is scalability, which in business proceduresfor the most part manual, rather than automatic. Additionally research must be done to handle this issue. With respect to this specific area, we are wanting to utilize adaptable mechanisms keeping in mind the end goal to build up an answer for executing elasticity at a few measurements of big data systems running on cloud environments. The objective is to explore the mechanisms that adaptable software can use to trigger scalability at various levels in the cloud stack. Consequently, pleasing data peaks in a automated and responsive way. REFERENCES Chang, V., 2015. Towards a big data system disaster recovery in private cloud.AD Hoc Networks, 000, pp.1-18. Cloudera,2012. Case Study Nokia:Using big data to Bridge the Virtual and Physical Worlds. Geller, T., 2011. Supercomputings exaflop target. Communications of the ACM, 54(8),p.16 Hashem, I.A.T. et al., 2014. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues. Information Systems, 47, pp. 98-115 Kumar, P., 2006. Travel Agency Masters big data with Google bigQuery Mahesh, A. et al., 2014. Distributed File System For Load Rebalancing In Cloud Computing. ,2, pp. 15-20

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Education Educating Philosophy Essays

Teaching Philosophy God I love music. I love everything about music. I love playing music, singing music, dancing to music. Most of all, I love listening to music. Have you ever listened to music? I mean really, really listened? I love when you hear a song for the first time and it sends chills up your spine. I love even more when you hear a song for the hundredth time and it suddenly gives you chills like never before. But there are two ways of listening to music. You can hear a song as one whole entity and have it make you feel so good that you want to repeat it thousands of times. Or you can hear each part of a song for what it’s worth; the lyrics, the melody, the solo, the bass line, etc., and appreciate the integration of each one for the purpose of creating one final product. Teaching is like music. It’s made up of all these intricate pieces that merge together to create a final product; the learning experience of a student. When a child learns something new, he feels great; he wants to repeat it thousands of times. As a teacher, you can step back and appreciate everything you did to help that child learn: the lesson plans, the activities, the rules of the classroom, the parent meetings, the grading, the workshops, etc. The list is endless because teachers are constantly adding on to it, discovering new ways to reach their students and to create the best atmosphere for learning. That’s what teaching is all about; creating the most conducive environment for all students to be able to learn. When students receive great teaching, they sing, dance, play and listen to the music of the teacher. My life has kind of set me up for the teaching profession in ways I never realized... ...thing new, and in doing so, feel great about themselves and what they have accomplished. My classroom will be a safe and comfortable place for all students, no matter the race, gender, social class or disability. The students I teach will learn to respect their teacher, themselves, and each other and will learn to help strengthen the learning experience of their peers whenever possible. As I said before, my objective is to teach students how to learn subject matter, therefore their successes will extend much further than my classroom. As teachers we must realize our influence exceeds the boundaries of our class and we must take on roles that aren’t generally defined in our job description. Teaching is like music, consisting of a combination of various parts that in the end should put smiles on the faces or send chills up the spines of those who experience it.

Biographical Portrayals in Strachey’s Eminent Victorians and Keynes’s B

Biographical Portrayals in Strachey’s Eminent Victorians and Keynes’s Biography of Isaac Newton The Bloomsbury notion of biography moved against what was the predominant norms of biography at the time. Iconoclastic in all their efforts, the Bloomsbury writers did an interesting thing regarding biography. In both Lytton Strachey’s portrayal of Florence Nightingale from Eminent Victorians and Maynard Keynes’s brief portrait of Isaac Newton, they strive to reinsert the iconoclastic into figures that have become so mainstream as to be banal in their eyes. There is an ironic derision of the stereotypes both figures have become alongside an enormous amount of respect for the non-stereotypical aspects of their character that made these figures as great as they were. Strachey’s Eminent Victorians could be summarized as an attempt to demonstrate the ways in which the key figures of the Victorian era were not as Victorian as one might assume. Florence Nightingale, in particular, could not be seen, through Strachey’s eyes at least, as simply the â€Å"Lady with the Lamp† seeking ...

The Decision That Changed Me Essay -- Personal Narratives Education Es

The Decision That Changed Me The decisions we make throughout life can have an impact on our future, directly or indirectly. When things do not always go your way, you can learn from these experiences and grow as a person. It will not be easy, but eventually with time things will improve. All the hard times really make a person cherish all the good times. Saying this, I wanted to do something a little more personal for my final paper. The environment has a certain pull on everyone's' lives whether they realize it or not. This paper expresses how the environment of Illinois College has changed my life. I am also including a poem that I composed recently after events that have occurred in my life. I am hoping that my readers will relate to and understand where I am coming from. I am especially directing to this to my peers, as well as the future generations at Illinois College. Someday As I lay here at night, thoughts swirling through my head. Is this the beginning, or the inevitable end? Clouded mind, what to do? I close my eyes and all I see is you. Thoughts racing, heart aching Dreams fading, tears trailing. Maybe someday you will see what I see, feel what I feel. Maybe you too will dream the same dream. Until that time comes I will stand tall waiting, hoping, dreaming. I will go on. College. That one word alone sent shivers down my spine senior year of high school. The fear was almost overwhelming that summer as I prepared to leave the comfort of my home, and go off to college. I had a clear picture of what I thought college would be like. The giant campus would consume me with tall, brick buildings and rude people scurrying like rodents along the endless gray sidewalks. How wo... ... Although this is my senior year, it is not the end for me. I have one more semester before student teaching. Looking back on freshman year until the present, I have so many memories of friends I have made, people I have met, classes, and all the ups and downs that come along with college life. As I sit here at my computer, I ask myself, â€Å"If I could change anything about my life, would I?† To answer this question, I will end with this: No class in the world could teach me the lessons that I have learned this far in college. Professors do not teach, How To Recover From a Broken Heart 101 or How To Drive Your Roommate Crazy. These things are learned through experience and learning from your mistakes. I truly would not change a thing because only the bad experiences make you stronger, and all the good things allow you to look forward to what is yet to come.

English characters Essay

Adela can be paralleled to Kurtz in Conrad’s novella, who like her is in some ways also aware of the power of imperialism and its negative effects, as well as the changes it forces upon those living under its influence. Kurtz was a bright ambitious man drawn to the Congo by imperialism’s force, however unlike the Anglo-Indians such as Ronnie and Mr Turton, it can be interpreted he became aware of the negative effect imperialism was having upon him, and as a result his â€Å"soul [is] mad. † For me Kurtz’s dying words on his deathbed: â€Å"The Horror. The Horror. † have great significance these final words are open to any number of interpretations, from meaning the horror of the things he has witnessed, to the horror of the Congo environment itself. My own interpretation is that this shows Kurtz’s realization of his own â€Å"Heart of Darkness† and the shocking deeds he has done under its corrupting influence. Perhaps the only real difference between a Kurtz and a Ronnie or a Turton, is that Kurtz has recognised the effect imperialism has had on him and has seemingly made a conscious decision to go along with this corruption completely, with devastating consequences. While characters such as Kurtz and Adela are somewhat aware of their changes and the negative consequences, the majority of characters in Forster’s novel (or at least – the imperialist Anglo-Indians) are also aware of the changes which occur in English people once under the influence of the Raj, but are hypocritical and do not see themselves as corrupted or racist. They simply believe that this is the only proper way for them to act. Ronnie himself who was once nice to the Indians, after just a brief period under the influence of imperialism in India, now aspires to be like Mr Turton who he sees a character of the utmost wisdom, and as a result has copied his behaviour. Conrad paints a harsh, brutal portrait of imperialism in his novella, giving little or no characterisation to any of the African slaves/natives. He seems to present the slaves merely as objects or machines or even in one instance â€Å"angles†. He does not name any characters but gives them a title according to their job or characteristics, characters such as The Helmsman, who had been educated by Marlowe’s poor predecessor only to perform one task, and that was to steer the boat. Compared to Conrad, Forster might appear tame. Conrad depicts the brutality of imperialism in a shocking way, showing the black slaves being made to perform meaningless hard-labour tasks such as digging holes and describing the physical state of their bodies in disturbingly graphic detail; Marlowe the narrator can see â€Å"every rib†. In Forster’s novel however perhaps the most shocking incident is the alleged assault of Adela which probably didn’t even happen. However Conrad does show some compassion in his novel, the slaves or ‘Hollowmen’, are pitied by Conrad’s protagonist Marlowe: he offers a biscuit to a dying slave and also saves the helmsmen’s corpse from being eaten by cannibals. Added to this are Marlowe’s views on imperialism itself, apparently similar to Forster’s: â€Å"This conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion [†¦ ] than ourselves, is not a pretty thing. † Forster, it has been argued â€Å"looks dispassionately at the phenomenon of imperialism† (John Beer), and indeed, unlike Conrad, Forster in many ways shows imperialism in a much less obviously brutal light. However, I would argue that he does indicate a great dislike of people’s inner â€Å"Heart of Darkness†, which allows for the negative effects of imperialism, and he does so more gradually, through the in-depth characterisation of his characters. He particularly achieves this through those he is sympathetic with, such as Aziz, in whom he shows both the good points and bad (he is not afraid to show racism present in his Indian characters)- making the Indians, unlike Conrad’s slaves, real people, who we as readers can empathise with, rather than simply be horrified by. Forster’s sympathetic characterisation of the Indians makes the acts of racism against them all the more sad, and by this he does paint, like Conrad, a brutal picture of Imperialism, through use of characters who have had their ‘hearts of darkness’ triggered by imperialism and make such shockingly racist, not to mention patronising, remarks as â€Å"The kindest thing one can do to a native is to let it die† (Mrs Callendar). Forster also gets us to sympathise with English characters who do not look â€Å"dispassionately at the phenomenon of imperialism,† such as Fielding (Indeed Fielding is believed by many to be Forster’s representation of himself in the book). He through Fielding attempts to show the good in people, and like Conrad’s Marlowe, but to a much greater extent, shows acts of compassion and liberal mindedness in Fielding: he is the first English professor to teach Indians in his university and has Indian friends such as Godbole, and becomes a friend to Aziz. However Forster makes it all too clear that Fielding is a on his own, a man swimming in a sea of racists, such as the Turtons and Callandars. The act which sets Fielding most apart from his fellow Englishmen is of course his support of Aziz in the Marabar affair; but even he shows his inner â€Å"heart of darkness† when he deserts Aziz at the train station and at the end of the trial.

Begin with God

The purpose of your life is far greater than your own personal fulfillment, your peace of mind, your dreams, ambition, and even your happiness. To know why you are on this planet, you need to start with God, because you were born by HIS purpose and for HIS purpose. For instance, ‘you bought equipment, without the manual you may never know how to operate but guess. It’s only the creator or the owner of the equipment that could reveal its purpose and how it works (may be through a manual) In the same way, you cannot arrive at your life’s purpose by starting with a focus on yourself; you must begin with God, your creator. It is only in God that you discover your origin, your identity, your meaning, your purpose, your significance and your destiny. Proverbs 11:28Colossians 1 : 16 ‘for everything, absolutely everything, above and below, visible and invisible, everything got started in him and finds its purpose in him’ Have you ever ask yourself the followi ng:What do I want to be? What should I do with my life? What are my goals, my ambitions, and my dreams for my future? The above questions are focused self centered, rather the question should be. ‘What is the purpose of God for my life?’ Romans 8:6 ‘obsession with self in these matters is a dead end, attention to God leads us out into the open, into a spacious free life’ Job 12: 10 ‘It is God who directs the lives of his creatures; everyone’s life is in his power’ You could reach your personal goals, become a raving success by the world’s standard and still miss the purpose for which God created you. Discovering Purpose is about becoming what God created you to be.How to Discover Purpose a.By Speculation: (guess, theorize, conjecture etc) some people made up a purpose for life; others were honest enough to say they were clueless b.By Revelation: the easiest and the only way to discover purpose is to ask the creator of it (Ask God) because God has not left us in the dark to wonder and guess. HE has revealed five purposes for our lives through the bible (i.e. Owner’s manual) 1 Corinthians 2 : 7‘God’s wisdom goes deep into the interior of his purposes, it’s not the latest message, but more like the oldest, what God determined as the way to bring out his best in us’ God is not just the starting point but the source of it, so to discover purpose we must turn to God’s word and build our lives on eternal truth. Ephesians 1:11‘It is in Christ that we find out who we are and what we are living for. Long before we first heard of Christ and got our hopes up, he had his eye on us, had designs on us for glorious living, part of the overall purpose he is working out in everything and everyone’1.Through relationship with God 2.Turn to God’s word to find out who you are and what you are living for 3.God knew us even before you were born and had designed/shaped pur pose for your life, HE planned your existence, which predates your existence, without your input 4.Live a glorious life that will glorify HIS name 5.The purpose of your life fits into a much larger purpose that God has designed for eternity Jeremiah 17: 7 – 8

Exploring Programming Languages

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard database computer language used for querying, modifying and managing data in Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). SQL was developed in the 1970's by IBM to initially manipulate and retrieve data in IBM System R. The SQL language was standardized in 1986 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI); however, later releases were released as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.Until this day, there are lots of users who refuse to refer to it as SQL. To some people, SEQUEL is the right name for this international standardized database language. SQL has additionally been revised in 1989 and then 1992 (SQL-92). Ever since, SQL has undergone many revisions to enhance their standardization.Sybase and Ashton with their team support created a product which is known with the name of the SQL server 1.0 and within few years SQL server 4.21 also came in existence for the Microsoft NT operating system. Micros oft itself on their individual basis work for the SQL server 6.0 and this was the first Individual product of the SQL series for the Microsoft which works with the Windows NT because at that point of time windows NT was the main operating system.After few years later, when a copyrights conflict is there between the Microsoft and Sybase then Microsoft has done so many revisions in its project which lead to the development of the SQL server 7.0 which is known with the name of SQL server 2000 and the main part of this scheme and model is that it can work with the 64 bit platform.The development of the Integrated development Environment for the creation of web and windows packages with the SQL server 2005 that includes so many tools and utilities that includes the ETL tool, a Reporting server, data mining server, and several messaging service brokers that will be for the notification services. The next version which was come after the Microsoft SQL Server2005 is the Microsoft SQL server 2008, the aim of which is to make the data management features still under control using self-tuning.SQL Server 2008 R2 whose code name is given as â€Å"Kilomanjaro† and it is announced on year 2009, to add different management features to the SQL Server 2008 which is the earlier version. The SQL Server 2008 R2 also includes the number of new services that includes the PowerPivot for the Excel and Sharepoint master data services for building the reports using the data tier application.2.The features of SQL Express are as follows:Stored ProceduresSQL Server Configuration Manager ViewsReplication (as a subscriber only) TriggersAdvanced Query Optimizer CursorsSMO/RMO sqlcmd and osql utilitiesIntegration with Visual Studio 2005 Snapshot Isolation LevelsService Broker (as a client only) ¹ Native XML support, including XQuery and XML SchemasSQL CLR Transact-SQL language supportMultiple Active Result Sets (MARS) Dedicated Administrator Connection ²The features of Oracle Expres s are as follows: Direct Path Load API External tables External procedures Synchronous Change Data Capture Asynchronous Change Data Capture Transportable tablespaces, including cross-platform Advanced Queuing Basic Replication Advanced Replication Distributed queries Distributed transactions Transparent Gateways Generic connectivityThe features of DB2 Express are as follows:Advanced Copy ServicesOracle Compatibility Compression: backuppureXML ® storage High availability disaster recoverySpatial Extender Homogenous FederationIBM Tivoli ® System Automation for Multiplatforms Homogenous SQL Replication IBM Data Studio Net Search Extender Online reorganization The free version of DB2 (DB2 Express-C) has much less limitations than those existing in Oracle and SQL Server, Oracle Express Edition 10g/11g and SQL Server 2005/2008 Express.CharacteristicDB2 Express-CSQL Server 2005/2008 ExpressOracle 10g/11g Express Edition CPUs MaxUntil 2 cores11 RAM Max2 GB1 GB1 GB Size LimitUnlimited4 G B4 GB/11 GB 32/64 bits32-64 bits32 bits / 32-64 bits32 bits / 32-64 bits

Health Policies in Relation to Nurse to Patient Ratio Essay

One suggested approach to ensure safe and effective patient care has been to mandate nurse staffing ratios. In 1999 California became the first state to mandate minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in hospitals. California is not the only state to enact minimum nurse staffing ratios for hospitals, over the past four years at least eighteen other states have considered legislation regarding nurse staffing in hospitals. Policymakers are forced to consider alternatives to nurses ratios due to nurse shortages. Whether minimum staffing ratios will improve working conditions enough to increase nurse supply is unknown. The United States healthcare system has changed significantly over the past two decades. Advances in technology and an aging population (baby boomers) have led to changes in the structure, organization, and delivery of health care services (Spetz, 2001). Low nurse staffing levels in acute care hospitals are jeopardizing the quality of patient care and is the leading cause for Registered Nurses (RNs) to leave the profession (Spetz, Seago, et al., 2000). Apprehension for the nursing workforce and the safety of patients in the U.S. healthcare system now has the unprecedented attention of healthcare policy leaders at every level (Spetz, 2001). One suggested approach to ensure safe and effective patient care has been to mandate nurse staffing ratios (Donaldson, FAAN, Bolton, Janet, Meenu Sandhu, 2005). In 1999 California did just that, it became the first state to enact legislation mandating minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in acute care hospitals (Donaldson, FAAN, Bolton, Janet, Meenu Sandhu, 2005). Assembly Bill 394 (1999), directed the California Department of Health Services (DHS) to establish specific nurse-to-patient ratios for inpatient units in acute care hospitals. This was done by creating a hospital Licensed nurses classification to include both RNs and licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) also referred to as licensed practical nurses (LPNs) (California, 2002 July). This was not the first time a legislation had contemplated a nurse-to-patient ratio. In 1996, proposition 216 would have established staffing standards for all licensed health care facilities in addition to creating a statewide health insurance system (California, 2002 Janurary). The ballot proposition  that was rejected by the voters in 1996. Again in 1998, Assembly Bill 695 was introduced and approved by the state legislature but vetoed by then Gov. Pete Wilson (California, 2002 Janurary). Intense lobbying by unions representing California nurses would change everything with the passage of Assembly Bill 394 (California, 2002 July). The intense lobbing paid off with the election of a new governor, Gray Davis, in November 1998, who was endorsed by unions representing nurses and other workers (Spetz, Seago, et al., 2000). California DHS proposed the minimum nurse-to-patient ratios (California Hospital, 2004). Thus ranged from one nurse per patient in operating rooms to one nurse per eight infants in newborn nurseries. The DHS proposed that the minimum ratios for medical-surgical and rehabilitation units be phased in (California Hospital, 2004). They initially set minimum ratios for these units at one RN or LVN per six patients and within twelve to eighteen months the goal was to shift to one nurse per five patients (California, 2002 July). Prior California law regarding nurse staffing in acute care hospitals were extended under Assembly Bill 394 (1999). State and federal regulations affect the demand for licensed nurses. Under the 1976-77 state legislative session, California hospitals must have a minimum ratio of one licensed nurse per two patients in intensive care and coronary care units (California Hospital, 2003). Federally certified nursing homes are required to have a RN director of nursing and a RN on duty 8 hours a day, seven days a week (California state). If the facility has under 60 beds, the director of nursing can serve as the RN on duty (Harrington, 2001). This legislation also requires that at least half of licensed nurses working in intensive care and coronary care units be RNs (California state ,Title 22, Division 5, Chapter 1, Article 6, Section 70495(e).) Legislation enacted in the early 1990s requires hospitals to use patient classification systems to determine nurse staffing needs for inpatient units on a shift-by-shift basis and to staff accordingly (California state ,Title 22, Division 5, Chapter 1, Article 6, Section 70495(e)). In January 2004, hospitals also will face minimum licensed nurse-to-patient  ratio requirements in other hospital units, as established by Assembly Bill 394 (California state, Chapter 945, Statutes of 1999). Numerous estimates of the effect of these ratios on demand for licensed nurses have been published. The DHS analysis, conducted by researchers at the University of California, Davis, predicts that 5,820 new nurses will be needed in California hospitals to meet the staffing requirements (Kravitz, Sauve, Hodge, et al., 2002). Other analyses conducted by independent researchers have reported that the increased demand for nurses due to the ratios could be as low as 1,600 (Spetz, 2002). Growing numbers of research associates important benefits for patients and nurses will arise with the Assembly Bill 394 (Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, 2002). It has been argued that nurse staffing levels are now so low as to jeopardize the well-being of hospital patients (California. Office of the Governor, 2002). Supporting Assembly Bill 394, minimum nurse-to-patient ratios assure quality by establishing a minimum standard below which no hospital can fall (Assembly Bill 394, 1999). Researchers disagree with California’s statute requiring use of acuity-based patient classification systems because it is inadequate and difficult to determine whether hospitals are complying with this mandate (California Hospital, 2004). Instead they support a, simple minimum ratios to enable nurses, patients, and family members to easily identify and report inpatient units with dangerously low staffing levels (Donaldson, FAAN, Bolton, Janet, Meenu Sandhu, 2005). It is believed that working conditions have a large influence on the number of persons willing to practice nursing in hospitals (Kravitz, Sauve, Hodge, 2002). To most, minimum staffing ratios would improve working conditions, which would in turn reduce the numbers of nurses leaving hospital positions and the nursing profession (Donaldson, FAAN, Bolton, Janet, Meenu Sandhu, 2005). Creating a better work environment and conditions also may attract more young persons to nursing (Kravitz, Sauve, Hodge, 2002). Increased attention to nursing and rising salaries are already raising interest levels; the American Association of Colleges of Nursing reports that enrollments in baccalaureate nursing programs increased in 2001, for the first time in six years (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2001). The Assembly Bill 394 (1999), is great and will create a safer environment for patients, and staffing ratios would help to alleviate the nursing shortage but without nurses to meet the ratios one cannot uphold and follow the nurse-patient-ratios. This is why California Governor Gray Davis announced the Nurse Workforce Initiative in his January 2002 State-of-the-State speech (California. Office of the Governor, 2002). The purpose of the Nurse Workforce Initiative (NWI) is to develop and implement proposals to recruit, train, and retain nurses both to address the current shortage of nurses in California and to support implementation of new hospital nurse-to-patient staffing ratios also announced in late January 2002 (Seago, Spetz, Coffman, Rosenoff, O’Neil, 2003). The Governor made available $60 million over three years for the NWI (California, 2002 July). His goal is to use components designed to address the nurse shortage using both short and longer term strategies. This can range from working in partnership with local hospitals, scholarships for nursing students, career ladder projects, workplace reform efforts, and other strategies to increase the number of nurses (California, 2002 July). An evaluation will be done to determine which strategies to increase the supply of nurses are most effective and improve the understanding of the labor market dynamics for nurses (Seago, et al, 2003). Whether minimum staffing ratios will improve working conditions enough to increase nurse supply is unknown. The experience of hospitals in Victoria, Australia, one of the few jurisdictions to implement minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in hospitals, is instructive (Needleman, Buerhaus, Mattke, Stewart, Zelevinsky, 2001). Large numbers of nurses returned to the nursing profession after the minimum ratios were established. However, hospitals continued to face a shortage of nurses, because there were not enough returning nurses to meet demand, forcing hospital to close hospital beds (Needleman, Buerhaus, Mattke, Stewart, Zelevinsky, 2001). Besides, minimum staffing ratios address only one piece of the ‘  dissatisfaction with hospital nursing. Staffing is a major concern of many nurses, but RN job satisfaction indicates that they are also dissatisfied with other aspects of their work, including low salaries, lack of control over work schedules, lack of opportunities for advancement, lack of support from nursing administrators, lack of input into policy and management decisions, and inadequate support staff to perform non nursing tasks (Spetz, 2002). Maine and Massachusetts state affiliates cut their ties with the American Nurses Association (ANA) in 2001, in large part because they did not fully agree with the ANA’s opposition to minimum nurse-to-patient ratios (American Nurses Association, 2003). This led to the establishment of the American Association of Registered Nurses in February 2002, leaders of unions representing nurses in California, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, and Pennsylvania joined to establish a new national association (New England, 2005). The unions will join forces on national projects and support one another’s state legislative, collective bargaining, and organizing campaigns. Further research is needed to establish the number of states in which nurses’ unions have sufficient political power to enact minimum nurse-to-patient ratios. In the short term, the number of states is likely to be small. California’s rate of unionization among nurses, approximately 25 percent, is much higher than that of most states (Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, 2002). In addition, ANA affiliates are more powerful in other states than in California. Proactive ANA affiliates may be able to persuade policymakers to implement other reforms that address nurses’ concerns about hospital staffing (American Nurses Association, 2003). Other important variables include the political influence of state AHA affiliates and elected officials’ ties to organized labor (American Nurses Association, 2003). California is not the only state to enact minimum nurse staffing ratios for hospitals, over the past four years at least eighteen other states have considered legislation regarding nurse staffing in hospitals (New England, 2005). Twelve states have considered bills that would mandate minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in hospitals. Fourteen states have considered  legislation that attempts to address nurses’ concerns about staffing through other means, such as requiring hospitals to develop staffing plans based on patient acuity, mandating disclosure of nurse staffing ratios, and establishing a task force to study and monitor nurse staffing. Oregon, has enacted legislation that requires acuity-based staffing plans (New England, 2005). Policymakers in other states may wish to consider a well-designed acuity-based ratio system as an alternative to minimum nurse-to-patient ratios (New England, 2005). Many states have regulations that require hospitals to use patient classification systems to determine nurse staffing, but these regulations face much criticism, as discussed above. Although many of these regulatory systems do not function well today, they could form the basis for strong but flexible staffing regulations in the future (New England, 2005). States could mandate particular patient classification systems, develop methods of ensuring that staff and patients are aware of the required staffing during every shift, and establish effective enforcement mechanisms (New England, 2005). Alternatively, states could require that hospitals submit information relevant to their staffing needs every quarter and could mandate a ratio for that quarter based on an analysis of patients’ needs, availability of support staff, and other factors (New England, 2005). Texas is pursuing a totally different approach to the nursing situation that is tailored to the unique circumstances of individual hospitals. Under regulations issued 24 March 2002, hospitals are required to establish committees to develop nurse staffing plans and to use data on nurse-sensitive patient outcomes to assess and adjust staffing plans (Texas Nurses Association, 2002). At least one-third of the members of these committees must be RNs engaged primarily in direct patient care (Institute, 1999). The minimal nurse staffing on patient acuity or nurse-sensitive outcomes respond to nurses’ justifiable concerns about hospital staffing without imposing rigid mandates (Harrington, 2001). The flexible staffing approaches seem more appropriate than ratios, given the complexity and rapid pace of  technology changing the delivery of hospital care. (Harrington, 2001). Nurses’ job satisfaction and retention may enhance the opportunities for hospital nurses to play a more direct role in staffing decisions (Kravitz, Sauve, Hodge, 2002). The key is without more nurses no ratio can be met. So the focus needs shift on reaching as many young people as possible by showing them that they to could be a good fit in the nursing community. They need to know that nurses are people too, and the traits of a nurse, such as not being squeamish over the sight of blood comes with time. Stepping out into the high schools and broadcasting information about nurses can translate into only one thing, more students who pursue a nursing career. There is no better way to start, than by planting a seed in the mind of a young person who is about to step out into the world and choose a career. The more educating and qualified young people health care workers can get to chose a nursing career, the better off the nurse-to-patient ratio becomes, allowing for a safer environment for future patients, by permitting more effective health care. References Aiken, L., & Clarke, S., & Sloane, D. (2002). Hospital Restructuring: Does It AdverselyAffect Care and Outcomes? Journal of Nursing Administration, 30(10), 457-465. American Nurses Association. (2003). Nurse Staffing Plans and Ratios. Retrieved June, 10, 2007, from http://nursingworld.org/GOVA/STATE/2003/ratio1203.pdfAmerican Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2001, December 20). Enrollments Rise at U.S. Nursing Colleges and Universities Ending a Six-Year Period of Decline, Press Release, Retrieved 10 June, 2007, from www.aacn.nche.edu/Media/NewsReleases/enrl01.htmAssembly Bill 394. (1999). Retrieved 10 June, 2007, from http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/99-00/bill/asm/ab_0351-0400/ab_394_cfa_19990628_171358_sen_comm.htmlCalifornia Hospital Association. (2004). California’s nurse-to-patient staffing ratios: Proposedmodifications. Retrieved March 14, 2005 from http://www.calhealth.org/public/press/Article/124/Ratio%20Modifications%20Fac t%20Sheet%20finaCalifornia Hospital Association. (2003, September). Hospital minimum nurse-to-patient ratios asrequired by AB 394. Retrieved April 13, 2005 fromhttp://www.calhealth.org/public/press/Article/113/Nurse%20Ratio%20chart.pdfCalifornia. Office of the Governor. (2002, January 22). Governor Gray Davis Announces Proposed Nurse-to-Patient Ratios. Press Release, Sacramento: Office of the Governor. California. Office of the Governor. (2002, July 15). Sets Nation’s First Safe Nursing Standards: Governor Davis Announces Nurse-to-Patient Ratios, Press Release, Retrieved 10 June, 2007, fromhttp://www.calnurses.org/nursing-practice/ratios/ratios_index.htmlCalifornia state legislature Retrieved 10 June, 2007, from http://www.legislature.ca.gov/Donaldson, N., & FAAN, B., & Bolton, L., & Janet E., & Meenu Sandhu, M. (2005, August 08). New study examines impact of nurse-patient ratios law, California. Retrieved 10 June, 2007, from Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice’s website: http://ppn.sagepub.comHarrington, Charlene. 2001. â€Å"Nursing Facility Staffing Policy: A Case Study for Political Change.† Policy, Politics, and Nursing Practice, 2(2), 117-127. Institute for Health and Socio-Economic Policy. (1999 September). California Health Care: Sicker Patients, Fewer RNs, Fewer Staffed Beds. Retrieved 10 June, 2007 from www.calnurse.org/cna/pdf/StaffingRatios6.pdfKravitz, R., & Sauve, M., & Hodge, M. (2002). Hospital NursingStaff Ratios and Quality of Care. University of California – Davis, report submitted to State of California, Department of Health Services, Licensing andCertification. Needleman, J., & Buerhaus, P., & Mattke, S., & Stewart, M., & Zelevinsky, K. (2001). Nurse Staffing and Patient Outcomes in Hospitals. Washington DC: Bureau of Health Professions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved June, 10, 2007, from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/nursing/staffstudy.htmNew England public policy center and the Massachusetts health policy forum. (2005, July). Nurse-to-patient ratios: Research and reality. Retrieved 10 June, 2007, from http://www.bos.frb.org/economic/neppc/conreports/2005/conreport051.pdfSpetz,

City Life Vs Country Life Essay

There are many different factors to overcome on why city or country living is better. There is a lot to take into consideration because they greatly differ from each other. The fact of the matter is it is a difficult question because there is no right or wrong answer. Everyone is unique and has different preferences. There are positive and negative elements of both scenarios such as the education and job opportunities, Crime and death rates, as well as the environment/lifestyle and the cost of living. Everyone has their own opinion; depending on what you prefer is what makes one â€Å"better† per say. In the city, there are a lot more opportunities in college with a wider variety of degrees and programs to study resulting in more options of fields to pursue in the future. Some of the best schools in the United States are located in the city. Schools in the city have more extracurricular activities and after school clubs because there are more students to participate making it worth holding many activities after school. It gives students more leisure time to enjoy being active rather than going home to watch television on their free time. Job opportunities are also an advantage of living in the city, as there are many corporations, and businesses where there is a higher chance of getting hired most likely with a higher pay too. There are many different jobs fieldsto pursue in the city to fit your criteria. [M]any economists have reported that wages and job opportunities prove best in more densely populated areas. Larger cities typically provide ample opportunities for employment and entrepreneurial ventures, particularly in niche markets (Tigro).There also could be a disadvantage of job searching in the big city, as there are more people someone else may have more experience and a better education making it harder to land a job. School systems in the country are a bit different, schools are much smaller and do not offer as many programs limiting your educ ation. There are not as many colleges which force the students that do want more options for education to go away for school. This ultimately ends up costing much more; having to pay for housing, out of state tuition’s, and everything else that comes with living away from home. see more:disadvantages of living in the countryside There is indeed an  advantage of education in the country,which is a smaller classroom size.This gives a better student-teacher relationship and there is more one-on-one interaction resulting in a better understanding and more knowledge towards their studies. Job descriptions and duties can be quiet different then living in the city. In the country a lot of people grow, eat, and sell their own crops and what they don’t have they can trade off with their neighbors, whom do the same. It is a common procedure done in rural areas. Being that malls, restaurants, grocery stores, and the buildings in general are significantly spread apart. There are less job opportunities available and the ones that aremost likely do not have a high pay.The work force in smaller towns may be fueled by local manufacturing plants, nearby corporate headquarters or area colleges and universities. Depending on the location and the enterprise, it could be more difficult to make a small town business prof itable (Tigro). This is why some folksrely on other resources for extra funds. Money in the country is not needed as much as in the city because daily living and expenses are not as much The lifestyle/environment and cost of living of these two places greatly differ as well. The city life is a busy, hyper and an active lifestyle where convenience is at your side most of the time compared to living in the country. Population in the city is much greater so movies, malls, restaurants, grocery stores, and other reliable sources are at easy access because there are so many. This makes it very convenient to live in the city where errands are done much faster and easier and free time activities are right on hand when desired. Public transportation is another advantage of living in the city: there are taxies, buses or train stations on almost every corner in big cities making it easier to get around if you have no means of transportation. Since a lot of places in the city are so close, traveling from place to place does not affect much time in your daily schedule making your day more efficient. To come with all of these advantages, living expenses in the city are a bit high. â€Å"[I]n many urban areas, including Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and Boston, wor king families often struggle to find affordable housing. Indeed, the price of housing often gets the most attention when it comes to measuring the cost of city living. Rent and housing prices tend to be significantly higher in urban locations†(Palmer).Having all of these amenities at such close reach is convenient but there is always a downfall. In general, the cities with the lowest real estate prices per square foot were cities that have suffered from poor economic conditions for some time (Sauter). In order to live comfortably in the city, having a well-paid job is a must. The lifestyle and environment in the country has a calm, pure and peaceful scenery where everything is open, there are fewer buildings, minimum cars and people cluttering the area giving you a good sense of freedom and tranquility. Activities are very exciting and thrilling in the country also, consisting of hiking, fishing, horseback riding, four wheeling, plus many more. These fun activities can also be good for your health which is a great benefit too. Living expenses in the country are significantly less compared to the city. One individual that was reluctant to move from the city to the country says 10 years later, â€Å"My mortgage is less, taxes are less, car insurance is less, and our needs are less.† (Childs). There is less income in the country but that comes with fewer expenses. [Y]our cost of living could be 1/2 as much as it is in the city. Therefore, taking a $2-3 cut per hour isn’t such a big deal when you look at the big picture. Crime and death rates should definitely be on your check list when debating where to live, it is entirely up to an individual and what makes them more comfortable as it is something that needs to be looked at carefully, there are both advantages and disadvantages to both places. It is known that in the city there is an alarming higher crime rate. Studies demonstrate: the average annual 1993-98 violent crime rate in urban areas was about 74% higher than the rural rate.This is a disadvantage of living in an urban area in the city where crime is a lot more likely to occur to you or someone you know,this may make it uneasy to be comfortable where you live.Something to look at on the positive side is normally you have people around you for most part of your day because there are s o many individuals that live in the city. This makes it a little less likely for someone to be able to get away with something without someone seeing. Crime rates are just so much higher because there are a lot more people in the city increasing those chances. Crime rates in the country are at a comfortably low rate and for the simple fact that there is a smaller population. This is an advantage of living in the quiet rural areas having a more comfortable state of mind knowing murders, rapes, and other horrible crimes are less likely to arise in your hometown. You would assume that just as crime rates are at low  number numbered in the country; deaths from injuries would be as well.Brian Howard of The National Geographic says â€Å"For years, people have moved to the country to escape the dangers of big city life.†In this article a study done by researcher Sage Myers and his team says they attempted to classify deaths from injuries â€Å"across the rural-urban continuum.† They looked at data on 1,295,919 deat hs from injuries in 3,141 U.S. counties from 1999 to 2006. These deaths were caused by car accidents, shootings, falls, drowning, suffocation, and more†¦The researchers found that the risk of death from injury was 1.22 times higher in the most rural counties, compared with the most urban ones. Differences between the life in a city and in the country have many different options to weigh out and there is no right answer because it all depends on one’s personal opinion to decide which lifestyle is the best and how you would prefer to live. There are an extraordinary amount of advantages and disadvantages in education/job opportunities, Crime/death rates, as well as the environment/lifestyle and the cost of living of the two areas. They are both beautiful places in their own way. Work Cited: Childs, Laura. â€Å"Jobs in the country.† . http://www.goodbyecitylife.com/workathome/ruraljobs.htm. Date Accessed: 25 March 2014. Duhart, Detis.†Urban, Suburban, And Rural Victimization, 1993-98.† . http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=812. Date Accessed: 23 March 2014. Howard, Brian. â€Å"Why Cities Are Safer Than Rural Areas: 5 Surprising Facts.† . http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/07/130724-surprising-facts-cities-safer-rural-areas-injury-deaths/. Date Accessed: 23 March 2014. Palmer, Kimberly. â€Å"Why You Pay Extra to Live in the City.† . http://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/articles/2012/09/18/why-you-pay-extra-to-live-in-the-city. Date Accessed: 26 March 2014. Sauter, Michael. â€Å"The Ten Most (and Least) Affordable Cities to Buy a Home†. < www.foxbusiness.com>. http://www.foxbusiness.com/investing/2012/04/17/ten-most-and-least-affordable-cities-to-buy-home/